Chemical composition of degrading mangrove leaf litter and changes produced after consumption by mangrove crabNeosarmatium smithi (Crustacea: Decapoda: Sesarmidae)

The leaves of the mangroveCeriops tagal contained 3.2–4.1% (all percentages relate to dry weight) ofd-1-O-methyl-muco-inositol previously unreported in mangroves. They consisted of 37% aqueous acetone-water-soluble material, 18% water-insoluble polysaccharides, and ca. 50% polyphenols, which include soluble and insoluble tannins and lignin. The polysaccharide component sugars were glucose, arabinose, uronic acids, mannose, xylose, galactose, and rhamnose in the proportions 28262210752, respectively. The leaves were pectate rich, and the low level of glucan was presumed to consist mainly of cellulose. After four weeks of biodegradation, ca. 60% of the acetone-water-soluble material was lost from the leaves. Degradation processes greatly altered the polysaccharide components in the leaves. Pectates were rapidly degraded, while other polysaccharides, although reduced proportionately, resisted degradation at about the same level, and all component sugars were found in the 8-week-old leaves. Apparent lignin contents increased from 15 to >30% during biodegradation up to eight weeks. The yields of the major fractions in corresponding fecal material fromNeosarmatium smithi showed a similar trend to the diets. An enrichment of the insoluble residue was noticeable due to the digestion of dialyzable material. The fecal carbohydrate content was greatly reduced (7–11%) and the apparent lignin increased (27–39%) due to its resistance to degradation. All dietary polysaccharide component sugars were found in the fecal residues, including some uronic acids. The leaves also contained a readily water-soluble fraction (15%) which consisted of pectates strongly complexed with proanthocyanidins.     

Multisensory cues capture spatial attention regardless of perceptual load.

We compared the ability of auditory, visual, and audiovisual (bimodal) exogenous cues to capture visuo-spatial attention under conditions of no load versus high perceptual load. Participants had to discriminate the elevation (up vs. down) of visual targets preceded by either unimodal or bimodal cues under conditions of high perceptual load (in which they had to monitor a rapidly presented central stream of visual letters for occasionally presented target digits) or no perceptual load (in which the central stream was replaced by a fixation point). The results of 3 experiments showed that all 3 cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the no-load condition. By contrast, only the bimodal cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the high-load condition, indicating for the first time that multisensory integration can play a key role in disengaging spatial attention from a concurrent perceptually demanding stimulus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

具有外部扰动的离散广义系统有限时间控制

讨论一类具有有限能量的外部扰动的线性离散广义系统的有限时间控制问题。分析问题可解性,得到该问题可解的充分条件,通过状态反馈控制器和输出反馈控制器的设计,给出实现闭环系统有限时间有界的充分条件,这些充分条件可以转化为线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的可行解问题,可借助Matlab中的LMI工具箱求解,最后通过数值算例验证该方法的...     

黑木耳多糖的提取、纯化及降血脂作用的研究

为明确黑木耳多糖的组分及其生理功能,以复合酶法对黑木耳多糖进行了提取,并以柱层析法对其进行了纯化;以纯化的黑木耳多糖喂饲大鼠,考察了其降血脂的功能。通过试验得到两种黑木耳多糖,即APE I和APE II;各剂量的APE I对大鼠体重没有显著影响;100mg/kg体重及以上的APE I可以显著降低高脂大鼠血清的TG、TC、LDL-C水平,提高其HDL-C水平;200mg/kg体重的黑木耳多糖对高脂大鼠血清的TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C的影响与70mg/kg体重的脂必妥的效果没有显著差异,并能够显著提高高脂血症大鼠的HDL-C/TC水平。黑木耳多糖(APE I)具有降血脂功能,对高脂血症的发生有一定的预防作用,同时对冠心病和动脉粥样硬化也有一定的预防作用。     

超声波辅助提取光皮木瓜多糖及其体外抗氧化性研究

通过单因素以及正交试验研究超声波辅助提取光皮木瓜多糖的最佳工艺及其体外抗氧化性。结果表明：超声波辅助提取光皮木瓜多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1:45(g/mL)、提取温度80℃、提取时间40min,超声波功率600W,在此条件下多糖的提取率为12.072%。光皮木瓜多糖对NO2、DPPH·以及·OH 清除作用明显,具有较好的还原力,表明光皮木瓜多糖有较好的抗氧化活性。     

高压脉冲电场提取麸皮多糖影响因素的研究

采用高压脉冲电场提取方法,从麸皮中提取多糖。用间苯三酚分光光度法测定麸皮多糖含量。初步探讨了影响麸皮多糖得率的主要因素（脉冲数、电场强度、料水比）和高压脉冲电场的作用机理。采用正交设计试验,优化高压脉冲电场提取麸皮多糖的试验条件：脉冲数为10,电场强度为25kV／cm,科水比为1：10,麸皮多糖得率为4．77％。     

洋甘菊多糖的分离纯化、性质结构及抗氧化活性分析

对热回流提取得到的洋甘菊多糖进行了分离纯化,并对得到的多糖的性质结构及抗氧化活性进行分析。经处理后的洋甘菊多糖先后利用DEAE-Sepharose和Sephadex G-100柱色谱分离纯化得到了2种均一多糖(MCP-1-1和MCP-2-1);经测定2种均一多糖总糖含量分别为82.23%、84.09%,糖醛酸含量分别为4.11%、5.38%,蛋白质含量分别为0.58%、1.05%,溶解度分别为98.36%、98.44%,分子质量分别为30902、7244 Da;单糖组成实验结果表明MCP-1-1是由鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)、木糖(Xyl)和阿拉伯糖(Ara)6种单糖组成,MCP-2-1是由GlcA、Gal、Glc、GalA、Xyl和Ara六种单糖组成,2种均一多糖均是不含三螺旋结构的酸性多糖,均含有吡喃环和β-糖苷键,MCP-1-1含有α-糖苷键;2种均一多糖具有良好的热稳定性。体外清除自由基试验结果显示MCP-1-1和MCP-2-1对DPPH自由基和·OH均有清除作用,而且清除能力与均一多糖的质量浓度正相关,MCP-2-1对2种自由基的清除能力明显高于MCP-1-1。研究结果表明,分离纯化得到的洋甘菊多糖可作为天然抗氧化剂,用于食品和化妆品中。     

Poly(ethylene glycol)-interpenetrated genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Structure,pH responsiveness,gelation kinetics,and rheology

In the development of pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels, achieving reproducible porosity and swelling behavior is essential for the design of hydrogel networks. Herein, we enhance the level of control in hydrogel microarchitecture by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the chitosan–genipin matrix. Hydrogels, varied in composition, were synthesized under mild conditions (37°C, 1 atm, 24 hr), yielding microporous structures with a pore diameter ranging from 11 to 57 μm and an average cross-sectional porosity of approximately 40–64%. Compared to chitosan–genipin hydrogels without PEG, presence of PEG in concentrations up to 1.9 mM generated the same effect as would increase in genipin content, yielding structures with a smaller pore diameter, a lower swelling degree in pH 2 buffer and a higher elastic modulus. Considering cost effectiveness and scale-up, reducing genipin content by the addition of PEG is favorable. Importantly, hydrogel samples containing higher concentrations of PEG (2.9 mM and above) showed a sudden increase in the swelling degree accompanied with a decrease in the elastic modulus. Findings showcase the potential variation in the composition of these hydrogels has in yielding scaffolds with significantly different physico-chemical behaviors.     

湄潭白茶多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及其稳定性

目的:研究湄潭白茶多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性及其稳定性.方法:采用牛津杯法和微量肉汤稀释法测定湄潭白茶多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),并进一步探讨温度、pH、紫外线照射和金属离子对其抑菌活性稳定性的影响.结果:湄潭白茶多糖...