Trials with tedium and titillation.

2 sorts of attempts have been made to explain spontaneous alternation and related exploratory behavior in mazes. Titillation theories postulate that new stimuli are attractive, while tedium theories state that familiar stimuli tend to cease to control behavior. Tedium theories are critically surveyed and it is concluded that: they suffer in parsimony when compared with titillation theories, they do not make unique and well-supported predictions, and titillation theories offer more basic explanations by relating exploration and the learning process. (45 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

太阳能光伏炼钢探索实验研究

本研究提出的太阳能光伏炼钢概念在技术层面上有两个特点:一是光电转化,转换过程直接迅速,而不会伴随任何物质转变和化学变化.二是脱网,即不与常规的输供电电网相搭接,其目的在于保证系统在能量方面的独立性.采用系统工程方法,对工艺过程、电热转换方式、炼钢反应器和蓄能方式进行了评选、分析和集成.经反复设计和核算,确定了光伏炼钢概念炉基本参数,独立自主地制成了第一台公称容量为1kg的概念炉,并成功地进行了多次炼钢实验.利用太阳能光伏效应提供冶金过程所需要的能量和还原介质,这是全新的理念,不同于有史以来的涉碳冶金.进行太阳能光伏炼钢的探索实验是一项集成技术创新,并为钢的不涉碳冶金技术的开发研究开辟广阔的前景.     

A model for the analysis of consumer preference and an exploratory test.

A model for the analysis and prediction of consumer behavior is described, based on an extension of marginal utility principles with preference employed in the place of utility and the principle of maximization of preference extended to qualitative degrees as well as quantities of commodities. In an exploratory test using food preference data, the average prices of appetizers, entrees, and desserts ordered, for a fixed-cost meal, by 263 Ss, were predicted with a mean error of six cents. Attention is called to economic implications of preference measurements of a form commonly collected in consumer studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

埕岛油田浅层勘探开发程序及配套技术

埕岛油田位于渤海西南部极浅—浅海地区,是一个大型潜山披覆构造油田。迄今共完成各类探井６８口,获油气层井６７口,获工业油流井５５口,探明含油面积１２３．６ｋｍ２、石油地质储量３４４８６．０万ｔ。埕岛油田为典型复式油气聚集带,已发现７套含油层系,１０多种油藏类型。在该油田浅层（明化镇组、馆陶组上段）勘探开发中,采用科学的勘探开发程序,以及８项勘探开发配套技术,取得了良好的勘探开发效果。探井成功率达９８．５％;探井见工业油流率达 ８０． ９％;每打一口探井平均获探明石油地质储量 ５０７． ２万 ｔ;每获一吨探明石油地质储量直接投入为４．４８元。按照“简单、经济、安全、可靠,还要重视环保”的原则,进行海工工程和油气集输流程的建设,已建成２１６万ｔ年产能力,累计生产原油８００多万ｔ。     

Enhancing online collaborative argumentation through question elaboration and goal instructions

Abstract   Computer-supported collaborative argumentation can improve understanding and problem-solving skills. This study uses WebCT to explore the improvement of argumentation in asynchronous, web-based discussions through goal instructions, which are statements at the end of a discussion prompt indicating what students should achieve. In a previous study ( Nussbaum 2005 ), the goal instruction 'generate as many reasons as possible' resulted in more balanced argumentation in an online environment. This study attempts to replicate this finding. It also examines the role of prior attitudes, knowledge and interest, and also the effect of elaborating on possible lines of reasoning in the question prompt. The goal instruction to generate as many reasons as possible (goal/no goal) was crossed with question elaboration (elaborated/unelaborated question) in a 2 × 2 randomized design using 131 undergraduates. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to complete the attitude survey before discussion. Results indicated that, when prior knowledge was controlled, the reason goal instruction positively affected argument development and opposing view exploration, but only for high-issue knowledge students. The sheer volume of notes created by the online environment may have caused cognitive overload for low-issue knowledge students. Question elaboration promoted balanced argumentation for all students, but especially those with low knowledge.     

从四川气田分布规律看南方海相油气勘探

四川盆地是扬子地台的组成部分,其气田形成规律和勘探经验,对南方海相油气勘探具有明显的借鉴作用。本文简明、系统地总结了四川盆地海相气田的分布特点,并进一步结合南方各地区地质条件和最新资料作了分析对比,优选了近期主要勘探有利区块。     

高铝锌基合金作为轴瓦材料可行性的进一步探索

本文就用较廉价的ZA27合金来代替昂贵青铜合金(ZQSn6-6-3和ZQAl9-4,砂型铸造机械性能分别为:σb177和392Mpa,δ 8%和10%,硬度60HB和100HB[3])作为轴瓦材料进行了探索.     

福州市金山大桥(主桥)岩土工程勘察

基于对金山大桥(主桥)的详细勘察,对卵石层和强风化花岗岩的精确测试和评价,建议大部分桥墩采用卵石层为桩端持力层,主跨桥墩采用强风化花岗岩为桩端持力层的基础方案,使桩长大幅度缩短,为设计和施工采纳,取得了良好的经济效益。     

Assessment of the water quality and identification of pollution sources of Kaduna River in Niger State (Nigeria) using exploratory data analysis

Exploratory data analysis such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to water quality dataset of the Kaduna River, obtained during 3 years (2008–2010), monthly monitoring of eight key different sampling sites for 19 parameters to extract correlations and similarities between variables and to classify river sampling sites in groups of similar quality. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped eight sampling sites into three statistically significant clusters of similar water composition. Six varifactors were obtained after varimax rotation of initial principal components using principal component analysis. These techniques gave an insight into the sources of pollution. Anthropogenic influence (municipal, industrial wastewater and agricultural run‐off) was the major source of river water pollution.     

A new way of developing semantic differential scales with personal construct theory

Measurement is a fundamental issue in management research. However, traditional scale development methods have the drawback of mixing researchers' bias with the scale design. Based on Ding et al.'s (2007 Ding, Z. K., Ng, F. F. and Cai, Q. Y. 2007. Personal constructs affecting interpersonal trust and willingness to share knowledge between architects in project design teams.. Construction Management and Economics, 25: 937–50. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) exploratory work, a new way to develop semantic differential measurement scales is proposed and tested with a survey in the context of the construction industry. The purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with a new method to develop semantic differential scales for measurement while the bias from their own perspective can be reduced. The reliability and validity of semantic differential scales according to the new method are tested with SPSS and Amos 6.0. The results show that the generated semantic differential scales with this method have high reliability and validity. The new way to develop semantic differential scales offers researchers and practitioners one more choice of scale development. The general application of this new method to other contexts is yet to be tested.