Effects of the spray drying conditions of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) juice concentrate on the physicochemical properties of powders

A semi‐industrial spray drying process of chokeberry juice concentrate using maltodextrin was analysed. The influence of the content and dextrose equivalent (DE) of maltodextrin, inlet air temperature and rotary disc atomiser speed was studied on the physicochemical properties of the obtained powders. The size and structure of the powder particles, bulk density, moisture content, flowability, yield and total polyphenol content were analysed. An increase in carrier content from 50% to 70% caused a 4.9% increase in total polyphenol retention, better flowability (Hausner ratio decrease of 0.17) and greater yield of the powder (60%). An increase in the drying temperature (150–170 °C) caused larger particle size and improved powder flowability but also resulted in greater loss of total polyphenols. A decrease in rotary atomiser speed (11 000–15 000 rpm) had a moderate influence on particle size and improvement in flowability but had no effect on polyphenol retention. Changes in the DE (8–22) of maltodextrin as a carrier indicated a moderate growing dependence on particle size and worse flowability.     

茶多酚制品中有机溶剂多残留检测方法研究进展

现有的茶多酚分离制备工艺大多采用有机溶剂或大孔树脂,给产品带来了有机溶剂残留的安全隐患。本文概述了茶多酚的生产工艺及其残留溶剂的检测方法,主要介绍了直接进样气相色谱法、顶空气相色谱法和固相微萃取气相色谱法这三种方法在残留溶剂测定中的应用进展;提出有必要研究有机溶剂多残留快速检测技术,制定限量标准,提升加工工艺。     

Changes in the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels from different cultivars after in vitro digestion

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in vitro digestion on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels. Three different varieties of citrus peels (mandarin, ponkan and red tangerine) were treated with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The results showed that the SGF or SIF treatments of the citrus peels did not significantly increase the total phenolic content (TPC) or total flavonoid content (TFC), except for that of the TFC of ponkan peel treated with SGF. However, simulated in vitro digestion did improve the antioxidant activities measured with FRAP and ABTS methods. The effect of SGF was more positive than those of SIF for the FRAP assay, but the opposite was true for ABTS. Notably, both simulated digestion techniques decreased the DPPH free radical scavenging abilities. Simulated digestion in vitro changed the antioxidant activities of the citrus peels.     

从雷竹叶中提取茶多酚及其红外光谱的研究

以雷竹叶为原料,按设计的工艺条件,用乙醇提取茶多酚,乙酸乙酯萃取,回收溶剂,大孔树脂精制产物。得到竹叶中的粗茶多酚的含量13.4%,精茶多酚含量为2.60%。以没食子酸为标品、进行提取物及精制茶多酚的红外测试,对其基团归属予以认定,确定产物成分。     

Potential of peanut skin phenolic extract as antioxidative and antibacterial agent in cooked and raw ground beef

This study investigated the potential of peanut skin extract (PSE) as inhibitor of lipid oxidation in cooked and raw ground beef (GB) and as antimicrobial agent in raw GB. Results show that addition of PSE to raw GB before cooking significantly inhibited the formation of peroxides and TBARS in cooked GB during the refrigerated storage. PSE at concentration ≥0.06% was as effective as BHA/BHT at 0.02% in inhibiting lipid oxidation. PSE also inhibited the oxidation of meat pigments thereby preserving the fresh redness of treated meat when used at 0.02–0.10%. Microplate assay showed complete inhibition of test bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli) in the presence of PSE at 0.4% or higher. However, the antimicrobial effect of PSE in GB was less potent. Hence, PSE can primarily serve the dual purposes of preserving the colour of raw GB and preventing lipid oxidation in cooked products.     

Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

The Extractable and Bound Condensed Tannin Content of Leaves from Tropical Tree,Shrub and Forage Legumes

The extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in the leaves of tropical legumes grown in both Colombia and Northern Australia were determined by the butanol–HCl method, whilst extractable CT was also determined by the vanillin–HCl method. With the exception of Senna siamea all species contained CT. The very high CT concentration found in many plants growing in Colombia may have been partly due to soil fertility being much lower at the Colombian than the Northern Australian site. Acacia boliviana , Arachis pintoi , Centrosema latidens , Senna velutina and Gliricidia sepium contained <55 g total CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they could comprise a reasonable proportion of ruminant diets. All other species grown in South America contained 100–240 g CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they should only be fed in small amounts as supplements to dilute the CT concentration. Leucaena species and Calliandra calothyrsus grown in Northern Australia contained intermediate concentrations of total CT (60–90 g kg⁻¹ DM). Most species contained 70–95% of total CT as extractable CT, with the exception of Flemingia macrophylla , where 60% was extractable and 40% bound, and Gliricidia sepium , where almost all the CT was bound to protein. Values for Flemingia macrophylla differed between accessions. Extractable CT determined with vanillin–HCl was generally higher than extractable CT determined with butanol–HCl. Three accessions showed negligible (<1 g kg⁻¹ DM) extractable CT with butanol–HCl but 10–12 g extractable CT kg⁻¹ DM with vanillin–HCl. Two accessions showed undetectable levels of extractable CT but substantial levels of protein-bound CT, illustrating the importance of using a bound CT method for identifying forages containing CT. Relative to freeze drying, oven drying of Leucaena species reduced the concentration of extractable CT and increased concentrations of bound CT. The significance of the results for the nutrition of ruminant livestock are discussed, including the possible roles of protein-bound and fibre-bound CT.     

不同pH条件下乳清蛋白-桑椹多酚复合营养粉的制备及其理化性质

近年来,蛋白质与多酚类物质的相互作用是食品领域的研究热点之一,两者的结合受到多种因素的影响,其中pH值是重要的影响因子。该文研究了不同pH值条件下桑椹多酚(Mulberry Polyphenols,MP)对乳清蛋白(Whey Protein,WP)理化性质和功能特性的影响。结果表明,桑椹多酚改变了复合蛋白粉的色泽、粒径大小和Zeta电位。同时,还提高了乳清蛋白的溶解性、乳化性能,在pH值3.0时乳清蛋白的乳化能力和乳化稳定性分别达到7.23 m²/g prot和89.56%,较对照组分别提高了2.66%和1.21%。通过高效液相色谱法对桑椹多酚-乳清蛋白粉中的单体酚类进行定量分析,在pH值5.0和7.0条件下结合的单体酚含量比pH值1.0和3.0高。此外,较空白对照组而言,添加桑椹多酚提高了乳清蛋白的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS⁺自由基清除能力和FRAP还原能力,最高分别达到89.28%、81.70%和530.95μmol/g prot。综上所述,利用动物蛋白结合植物多酚是创新功能食品组分的手段,反应体系的pH值对结合效率有重要影响,为今后...