人机一体化智能系统综合感知体系建模方法研究

在分析人机感知的不同特征基础上 ,提出人机一体化综合感知方法 ,并对人机一体化综合感知体系进行了建模研究 ,并以智能驾驶系统为例对人机一体化智能驾驶综合感知体系作了简要说明 .阐明了人机一体化综合智能感知技术的广泛应用前景 .     

基于知觉加工模式的发展式分词算法

分词是自然语言理解的一个重要过程,由于语言问题又是最重要的心理学问题之一,所以从认知心理学和发展心理学的观点出发,将分词问题看成是知觉问题在语言信息处理过程中的一部分,把知觉表达和知觉的双向加工过程引入对分词问题的分析,并同时考虑言语发展的心理过程,把对言语发展规律的归纳作为构造学习算法的基础和模板,以进化的方式来逐步改进自然语言理解系统的性能,从而避免知识获取瓶颈在自然语言理解问题中的出现。     

Source Choice Perception and Sustainable Rural Water Supply Development: A Case Study of Ban Thadindam,Lopburi, Thailand

Abstract

This study seeks to examine source choice perception and sustainable rural water supply development in Ban Thadindam, a Thai village situated about 220 km north of Bangkok. It makes use of an elementary schematic matrix that was initially developed for the valuation of water sources as perceived by water users in East Africa. In applying the elementary choice scheme, the author interviewed the village Kamnan (district officer) and a few villagers. The results of this study show that a wide range of water supply sources was perceived by the Kamnan. Out of a practical range of six sources, four were perceived and accepted, roof (rain water), river, spring, and pond; and two were perceived but not accepted: well and canal. The reason why well and canal water sources were rejected was because of their hardness and turbidity. Of the four sources accepted, roof (rain water) was rated very favorably as the preferred choice while river, spring, and pond sources were judged equally favorable. Awareness of source choice and the conditions under which choice is made is crucial for the understanding and development of sustainable rural water supply. By adopting a wide combination of sources and integrating them to provide a rich water supply for treatment, and by taking advantage of filtration technology given by the Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Division, the villagers, with the help of the Project Managing Committee, transformed the demonstration filtration facility into a sustainable rural water supply system. The latter succeeded not only in providing adequate filtered water for the majority of the households in Ban Thadindam but also in satisfying the water requirements for the whole village for two decades. The success of the rural water supply system has been attributable to many factors, but most important was the awareness the villagers have in the understanding of the interrelations between landscape, range of choice and the interaction between community participation, technology, and environment.     

Accident history,risk perception and traffic safe behaviour

Abstract

This study clarifies the associations between accident history, perception of the riskiness of road travel and traffic safety behaviours by taking into account the number and severity of accidents experienced. A sample of 525 road users in Cameroon answered a questionnaire comprising items on perception of risk, safe behaviour and personal accident history. Participants who reported involvement in more than three accidents or involvement in a severe accident perceived road travel as less risky and also reported behaving less safely compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. The results have practical implications for the prevention of traffic accidents.

Practitioner Summary: The associations between accident history, perceived risk of road travel and safe behaviour were investigated using self-report questionnaire data. Participants involved in more than three accidents, or in severe accidents, perceived road travel as less risky and also reported more unsafe behaviour compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. Campaigns targeting people with a less serious, less extensive accident history should aim to increase awareness of hazards and the potential severity of their consequences, as well as emphasising how easy it is to take the recommended preventive actions. Campaigns targeting those involved in more frequent accidents, and survivors of serious accidents, should address feelings of invulnerability and helplessness.     

延边大学朝鲜族女大学生身体成分与身体形态现状分析

对延边大学朝鲜族和其他民族女大学生的身体形态（身高、体重、三围）和身体成分（体重指数、体脂率、腰臀比）进行了比较研究.结果表明：朝鲜族女生的超重和高于正常体脂检出率略高于其他民族,而汉族女生的体重偏低比例略高于朝鲜族和其他少数民族,但均无显著性差异;朝鲜族女生的向心性肥胖比例略高于其他民族,但均无显著性差异;汉族女生的未达腰臀比切点比例高于朝鲜族,具有显著性差异;汉族和其他少数民族女生的身高、体重、臀围均值明显高于朝鲜族,具有显著性差异,但朝鲜族女生的腰臀比均值明显高于汉族,具有显著性差异;朝鲜族女生的体重指数（BMI）和体脂率均值虽然略高于其他民族,但无显著性差异;朝鲜族女生的平均身高略低于全国同龄组女生均值,且超重和肥胖检出率均低于全国同龄组女生检出率.     

建筑空间环境的“自然光”视觉设计分析

视觉不是对元素的机械复制,而是对有意义的整体结构式样的把握.在建筑形态与空间环境设计中,光线的概念应该是由眼睛直接提供的,它与科学家对光线的物理解释有着本质的不同.人对光线现象的反应是有选择的注意,人对光的特性的直觉体验结果是:轻、透、亮.同时,“光”与“影”是相伴相随的,而且光与影的具象视觉效果暗示着抽象的时间的流逝.建筑空间环境中的光视觉反应对人的行为有导向和暗示作用.基于这种观点,结合典型建筑设计案例,分析建筑空间环境的“光”视觉设计问题.     

Same-different reaction time to stimuli presented simultaneously to separate cerebral hemispheres

This research was concerned with same-different reaction time to two stimuli presented simultaneously, one to the left and one to the right visual field, so that they projected to separate cerebral hemispheres. In experiment 1, subjects compared two colour patches, two colour words, or a colour word with a colour patch. In experiment 2, subjects compared two geometric shapes, two shape words, or a geometric shape with a shape word. Comparisons of two colours or two shapes were faster than comparisons of words that named these attributes. Responses to colours were faster than to shapes, and responses to colour words were faster than to shape words. Within-mode comparisons were faster than between-mode comparisons. Direct access of the separate stimuli to the dominant hemispheres did not produce faster responses.     

Surface exploration using laparoscopic surgical instruments: The perception of surface roughness

During laparoscopic surgery video images are used to guide the movements of the hand and instruments, and objects in the operating field often obscure these images. Thus, surgeons often rely heavily on tactile information (sense of touch) to help guide their movements. It is important to understand how tactile perception is affected when using laparoscopic instruments, since many surgical judgements are based on how a tissue ‘feels’ to the surgeon, particularly in situations where visual inputs are degraded. Twelve naïve participants used either their index finger or a laparoscopic instrument to explore sandpaper surfaces of various grits (60, 100, 150 and 220). These movements were generated with either vision or no vision. Participants were asked to estimate the roughness of the surfaces they explored. The normal and tangential forces of either the finger or instrument on the sandpaper surfaces were measured. Results showed that participants were able to judge the roughness of the sandpaper surfaces when using both the finger and the instrument. However, post hoc comparisons showed that perceptual judgements of surface texture were altered in the no vision condition compared to the vision condition. This was also the case when using the instrument, compared to the judgements provided when exploring with the finger. This highlights the importance of the completeness of the video images during laparoscopic surgery. More normal and tangential force was used when exploring the surfaces with the finger as opposed to the instrument. This was probably an attempt to increase the contact area of the fingertip to maximize tactile input. With the instrument, texture was probably sensed through vibrations of the instrument in the hand. Applications of the findings lie in the field of laparoscopic surgery simulation techniques and tactile perception.     

基于物联网技术的智慧水利系统

本系统以解决水利信息资源不足和共享困难等问题为突破口,以增强信息深加工能力和提供高水平应用服务为主攻方向,充分利用MSTP、3G、3S以及云计算等信息技术,提出了基于物联网技术的智慧水利概念。为实现"系统融合,资源共享"的目标,全面提高水利工程运用与管理的效益,加快水利信息化建设,提供了一套整体解决方案。     

Fat bloom formation and characterization in milk chocolate observed by atomic force microscopy

The surface microstructure and polymorphic behavior of milk chocolate subjected to multiple thermal cycles between 20 and 32, 33, or 34°C were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface of unbloomed milk chocolate was smooth (surface roughness of 278 nm) and consisted of small, evenly distributed crystals. XRD results indicated the presence of mostly form V crystals and little or no form VI crystals. Cycling between 20 and 32°C resulted in little bloom formation and change in polymorphic behavior. Gradual bloom formation occurred as a result of cycling between 20 and 33°C, and was accompanied by the nascence of form VI crystals. Surface roughness increased gradually from 417 nm after one cycle to 476 and 521 nm after two and three cycles, respectively. Extensive bloom arose from cycling between 20 and 34°C. Surface roughness increased from 373 nm after one cycle to 603 and 736 nm after two and three cycles, respectively. This heavily bloomed chocolate consisted of jutting crystals and large raised, yet smooth areas that were haphazardly located within the chocolate matrix. In summary, a new perspective on the development of surface bloom due to thermal cycling is provided.