固定波长UV-VIS光对大豆油品质的影响

通过设定不同温度、光强度、光波长、时间对大豆油进行脱色试验,对大豆油的过氧化值、酸价及色泽进行了测定,研究分析了大豆油过氧化值、酸价及色泽随温度、光强度、光波长及照射时间变化的基本规律.通过单因素及正交试验,VIS-450光照脱色的最优工艺条件:光通量2400 lm,温度35℃,时间3h,脱色率为53.2％.UV-365光照脱色的最优工艺条件:光通量2 400 lm,温度35℃,时间2h,脱色率为42.4％.结果表明:UV-365比VIS-450对大豆油品质劣变影响较大;VIS-450比UV-365对大豆油脱色率影响较大.     

Investigating the bacterial microbiota of traditional fermented dairy products using propidium monoazide with single-molecule real-time sequencing

Traditional fermented dairy foods have been the major components of the Mongolian diet for millennia. In this study, we used propidium monoazide (PMA; binds to DNA of nonviable cells so that only viable cells are enumerated) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) technology to investigate the total and viable bacterial compositions of 19 traditional fermented dairy foods, including koumiss from Inner Mongolia (KIM), koumiss from Mongolia (KM), and fermented cow milk from Mongolia (CM); sample groups treated with PMA were designated PKIM, PKM, and PCM. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing identified 195 bacterial species in 121 genera and 13 phyla in PMA-treated and untreated samples. The PMA-treated and untreated samples differed significantly in their bacterial community composition and α-diversity values. The predominant species in KM, KIM, and CM were Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus parauberis, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, whereas the predominant species in PKM, PKIM, and PCM were Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Lactobacillus helveticus, and E. xiangfangensis, respectively. Weighted and unweighted principal coordinate analyses showed a clear clustering pattern with good separation and only minor overlapping. In addition, a pure culture method was performed to obtain lactic acid bacteria resources in dairy samples according to the results of SMRT sequencing. A total of 102 LAB strains were identified and Lb. helveticus (68.63%) was the most abundant, in agreement with SMRT sequencing results. Our results revealed that the bacterial communities of traditional dairy foods are complex and vary by type of fermented dairy product. The PMA treatment induced significant changes in bacterial community structure.     

大豆球蛋白自组装聚集及凝胶特性

研究了在低pH值、低离子强度下,分别加热诱导不同浓度11S(大豆球蛋白)和7S(大豆伴球蛋白)自组装纤维化聚集体的形成。通过平均粒径和Thioflavin T(硫磺素T)荧光光谱,对自组装纤维化聚集体的性质进行表征,并对其热致凝胶的流变学,硬度和微结构特性进行考察。结果表明:在低pH值、低离子强度的诱导条件下,蛋白浓度对自组装聚集的形成起着关键作用,随着诱导浓度的增大,蛋白的纤维化聚集越明显,7S比11S更容易形成纤维化聚集。在酸性环境下,大豆球蛋白的纤维化聚集程度越高,越有利于热致凝胶网络结构的形成。在相同的预处理条件下,11S自组装凝胶硬度强于7S。扫描电镜结果显示7S自组装凝胶的网络结构较11S致密,但有序性较11S低。     

Study on Microbial Communties during the Fermentation Process of Feng ＆ Composite-flavor Taibai Liquor（II）：Microbial Communities in Fermented grains

对凤兼复合型太白酒发酵过程中糟醅微生物区系的多样性、构成及演替规律进行研究,并通过形态、生理学特性的分析比较和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对发酵过程中主要微生物类群进行了分类鉴定。     

中性和碱性蛋白酶协同酶解大豆分离蛋白研究

采用中性和碱性蛋白酶协同酶解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆多肽,采用茚三酮分析法测定酶解液中氨基氮含量以判断其酶解效率。影响大豆分离蛋白酶解主要因素有中性与碱性蛋白酶用量比、酶解pH值、酶解温度、酶解时间,通过单因素和优化酶解条件正交试验分析,筛选出酶解最适实验条件:中性蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶用量比为1∶3、温度55℃、pH 8.5、酶解时间6 h;在此条件下酶解,氨基氮含量为15.86 mg/g。     

豆浆中脲酶活性测定方法的建立及酶学性质的研究

生豆浆中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子在实验室中较难检测,但其活性与脲酶活性呈正相关。对此建立了豆浆中脲酶的定量检测方法,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果表明,采用纳氏试剂测定豆浆脲酶活性的最适条件为:波长415nm,显色剂用量1mL,尿素浓度3%,反应温度35℃,反应时间7min。豆浆中脲酶的最佳作用pH为7.0,最适反应温度为35℃,脲酶在25～40℃之间贮存3h有较好的热稳定性,酶活保留率在80%以上。利用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法求得脲酶的Vmax为0.173mmol/min,Km为0.0172mol/L。     

豆渣高温改性结合超声辅助酶解生产水溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

采用新鲜豆渣为原料,将高温改性技术与超声波辅助酶解技术相结合,探索生产高活性水溶膳食纤维的可行方法。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验确定豆渣水溶性膳食纤维的最优工艺条件。实验结果表明,预处理豆渣粉首先在液固比10mL/g,130℃下高温改性100min;干燥粉碎后,继续在酶底比1200:1,液料比20:1,超声功率650W的条件下超声酶解120min,可溶性膳食纤维的产量将达到峰值。每10g原料中,可获得3.91g的可溶性膳食纤维。高温改性后样品通过超声波辅助酶解深加工,样品的质量性状也大幅提高,其持水性与膨胀性分别达到了14.48g/g和12.32mL/g。本实验结论对水溶性膳食纤维的生产与商业化应用都将具有重要意义。     

大豆蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜的控释特性的研究

采用共混法形成壳聚糖(CS)-大豆蛋白(SPI)复合膜,并将茶碱包埋于其中制备茶碱的定位控释载体。结合红外分析和扫描电镜技术研究复合膜的释放特性和表面形态,其结果表明复合膜中大豆蛋白和壳聚糖之间存在交联作用;这种复合膜在胃肠液均呈溶胀状态,在模拟胃液中溶胀度较低,且在模拟肠液中降解速率较快。复合膜在模拟胃液中的释药速率相对模拟肠液要快,而且随着蛋白含量的增加,复合膜的溶胀度和释放率都随之降低,所有的复合膜对于茶碱的保护能保持至少7 h,因此壳聚糖-大豆蛋白复合膜可以用作控缓载体。     

产原果胶酶菌株的筛选及其产酶条件优化

从土壤中筛选得到1株高产原果胶酶的菌株WJ-2,经初步鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus sp)。研究了菌种在不同初始pH值、温度、培养时间、接种量下的产酶情况并进行了产酶条件优化。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了该菌株液体产酶的最佳条件:初始pH5.0、温度35℃、培养时间48h、接种量为10%,优化条件下的原果胶酶活力可达4545.235U/mL。     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus和Streptococcus thermophilus接种比例对Bifidobacterium lactis益生菌发酵乳品质的影响

将Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND02(LB-ND02)和Streptococcus thermophilus ND03(ST-ND03)按1∶1、1∶10、1∶100、1∶1000接种于脱脂乳中,同时接入益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9,接种量为2.0×107g-1),于42℃进行发酵。通过对发酵及贮藏过程中发酵乳指标的测定,评价LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明,随着LB-ND02接种比例减小,凝乳时间显著延长,B.lactis V9活菌数显著提高。4℃贮藏28 d后,随LB-ND02接种比例减小,B.lactis V9存活率差异显著,后酸化也显著减弱。研究发现,LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例,显著影响发酵乳的发酵时间、B.lactis V9活菌数、后酸化及黏度。