Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

一类拟线性椭圆方程的多重非负解

研究一类拟线性椭圆方程的非负解的多重性。利用非线性项在无穷远处与零点处的渐近行为,应用Ekeland变分原理与山路引理得到2个非平凡的非负解。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床处理生活废水的研究

文章利用厌氧附着膜膨胀床（AAFEB）反应器处理生活废水。选择合适的活性污泥和活性炭载体,在60d内反应器启动挂膜完成。实验表明,此反应器能够有效的去除生活废水中的有机物,出水水质良好,反应器运行稳定。通过稳定床层膨胀率在10％-20％,研究水力停留时间（HRT）和温度对CODCr去除率的影响,得到该反应器的最佳工艺条件为,HRT8h,温度控制在28℃,在此工艺条件下,CODCr的去除率在85％以上,BOD5的去除率在73％以上,且SS的去除率在75％以上。     

基于关联与回溯的产品变异设计过程重用方法

为实现在复杂度和数量上急剧增长的产品过程模型和关联知识的重用,提出一种产品变异设计过程的重用方法.对设计系统的模块进行精细化和抽象化,建立具有规范化数据接口的产品结构变异设计的信息模型,用状态空间的带权有序检索树存储变异设计过程;将变异设计语义添加至可移植结构,当发生分割、合并和变换的变异设计行为时,对其抛弃、保持或复制等处理,实现变异设计语义随变异设计行为的继承与变迁;再通过检索变异设计语义不断获得待变异结构,将离散的设计过程关联;深度优先搜索获得把初始状态变换为目标状态的操作序列,执行可行解集,回溯变异设计过程并实现重用.以ACIS为几何造型内核开发自主原型系统,实现涡轮风扇发动机的压气机的转子叶片变异设计过程的重用.结果表明,该方法将设计重用对象由静态的孤立设计结果拓展到动态的连续设计过程,对于准确、快速地实现产品的结构变异设计具有重要意义.     

离子液体中均相合成N-乙酰化壳聚糖及其性能研究

合成了对壳聚糖溶解效果好、可重复使用的离子液体氯化2-氨基乙酸[Gly]Cl,用1H NMR和FT-IR对其结构进行了确定。在制得的离子液体水溶液中,制备了水溶性N-乙酰化壳聚糖。用XRD和FT-IR对产物进行了结构表征。通过单因素实验得到了较佳反应条件:n(乙酸酐)∶n(壳聚糖)=2.75∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间5 h。并对产物的吸湿保湿性能进行初步研究,结果表明,产物具有良好的吸湿保温性能。还考察了离子液体的重复使用性能,重复使用3次后,N-乙酰化壳聚糖的取代度仍大于89%。     

山地城市径流污染特征分析

以重庆主城某大学校园为例,对路面、屋面和绿地等3种典型的城市下垫面径流水质进行了监测,指标包括pH、悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）等。研究结果表明：除TP外主要污染物质的平均浓度均超过地表水环境Ⅴ类标准,降雨径流SS的平均浓度可高达1.73×103mg/L,COD和NH3-N平均浓度可高达76.25 mg/L和3.67 mg/L;存在显著地初期冲刷效应,混凝土路面的SS、COD、NH3-N的初期径流浓度分别为2.33×103mg/L、106.4 mg/L、5.64 mg/L,初期径流浓度相当于全场降雨径流浓度的2-4倍左右,其最高值出现在产流后10~15 min内。对比3场不同降雨强度下的径流水质,降雨强度越大,径流污染物浓度越高,其中降雨强度对大坡度路面的地表径流污染物浓度影响更大。     

三星型压缩机振动问题研究

提出了引起星型活塞式压缩机振动这一宏观现象发生的根源.在一阶惯性力机器内完全平衡的情形下,对二阶惯性力因目前无法在机器内平衡,分析其形成的机理.在机器向大排量方向发展时,二阶惯性力引起机器振动不可忽略,容易引起机器在水平面内移动,所以需采取与基础紧固的措施.     

凝胶色谱法表征我国几种有代表性超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线

本文考察了凝胶色谱法的操作压力和进料流速的影响。对国内具有代表性的几种平板超滤膜(聚砜、聚砜酰胺、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯)以及聚砜中空纤维超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线进行了测定。并给出它们的切割分子量数据。     

分子电距矢量对竹叶挥发油成分的色谱保留时间的估计和预测

用分子电距矢量描述子(MEDV)对24个从慈竹叶中分离出的挥发油成分的分子结构进行了表征,应用多元线性回归技术建立了结构描述子MEDV与这些化合物的色谱保留时间的定量相关模型。对9参数模型进行线性回归,复相关系数达到了0 995,但交互检验的相关系数为-3 019。对此模型进行改进,采用逐步回归5参数模型,复相关系数为0.993,交互检验的相关系数RCV值提高到0 984,表明5参数模型对样本具有良好的估计和预测能力。     

Increased hydropower production and hydropeaking mitigation along the Upper Inn River (Tyrol,Austria) with a combination of buffer reservoirs,diversion hydropower plants and retention basins

Research on hydropeaking in Austria started in the 1990s and the implementation of the WFD stipulated large research projects since the year 2009. The first research projects supported the process understanding and in a second investigation step, measures were evaluated. The mountains in the region of Tyrol create large heads and thus support the production of flexible energy. In this region, TIWAG is operating 9 large (>10 MW) and 27 small (<10 MW) hydropower plants, with an installed capacity of about 1,550 MW and a mean annual production of 3,000 GWh. As the governmental energy strategy foresees an extension of the hydropower production in Austria, suitable options were selected in 2004 by TIWAG and the water management framework plan for Western Tyrol was developed. This strategic planning instrument proposes five large power plants, with a generation of 1,800 GWh/year of renewable energy, which enables to reach the WFD targets, because the concept includes hydropeaking mitigation by combining buffer reservoirs (impoundments), diversion hydropower plants, and retention basins. We present our promising concept of hydropeaking mitigation and exemplify this based on the GKI, a hydropeaking diversion hydropower plants (HPP) at the Swiss/Austrian border as well as the Silz hydropeaking retention basin, with a volume of about 300,000 m³. As the presented case studies are the largest measures for hydropeaking mitigation being currently implemented in Central Europe, they have pilot-character. Thus, ongoing research and monitoring programs are expected to improve the knowledge about hydropeaking mitigation.