大规模无线传感器网络覆盖优化算法

为了增强三峡库区水环境监测的大规模无线传感器网络（WSNs）覆盖效果和延长大规模WSNs生存时间,采用混沌人工鱼群算法。首先以最大化网络覆盖率作为优化目标,建立WSNs覆盖模型,将具有遍历性特点的混沌系统引入到人工鱼群算法中,能够有效避免算法长时间位于局部极值附近。仿真结果表明：改进的人工鱼群算法提高了网络的覆盖率,有效减低了网络的成本。     

鱼眼图像轮廓提取算法研究

要从鱼眼图像恢复出实际场景的图像，其前提是必须准确地提取出鱼眼图像的轮廓，也就是说要精确地求出鱼眼图像圆形区域的半径和圆心坐标。提取鱼眼图像轮廓一般是采用最小二乘拟和的方法，但该方法计算量大，精度难以保证。文中根据鱼眼图像的特点提出了面积统计的方法。面积统计法不仅可以降低计算复杂度，在精度上也可以达到要求，实验证明了所给出的方法的正确性和可行性。     

基于黎曼流型度量的人工鱼群算法视觉跟踪

针对经典的基于协方差算子的跟踪方法不能适应目标的遮挡及其全局搜索造成的过多计算消耗问题,提出了一种在黎曼流型度量上的人工鱼群算法的视觉跟踪方法。该方法将融合了目标的位置、颜色、梯度等特征区域的协方差算子作为目标的表观模型,以提高它对姿态变化以及亮度变化的适应性。利用人工鱼群算法搜寻目标与候选目标之间最优的匹配,其并行运算机制提高了跟踪算法的效率,其全局搜索的能力则提高了算法对遮挡问题的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法在复杂背景情况下具有目标跟踪的鲁棒性。     

融合人工鱼群机理的PPI网络聚类模型与算法

预测蛋白质交互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction,PPI)网络中未知蛋白质的功能,是生物信息学的一个研究热点.目前基于功能流的方法能有效地解决PPI网络的聚类问题,但是其正确率偏低、时间复杂度较高.为此提出了一种融合人工鱼群机理的PPI网络聚类模型与算法:将人工鱼看作一组聚类中心,觅食行为是指从每个聚类中心开始向它的邻接结点搜索并添加结点到该聚类模块中;接下来将目标函数值最大的人工鱼对应的一组聚类模块看作初始的聚类结果,对应鱼群的追尾行为;剩下的人工鱼开始执行聚群行为,判断对应的聚类模块与初始的聚类结果之间的相似度.如果相似度低于给定的阈值,则将聚类模块添加到初始的聚类结果中.PPI数据集上的仿真实验表明,该算法可以自动确定聚类数目,而且聚类结果的正确率和算法的运行效率都优于功能流算法.     

风在水库网箱养鱼水质影响中的数值模拟

根据天然水库的地形条件,结合某水库网箱养鱼带周围的水质监测,构建了有风条件下水库流场数值计算模型.在此基础上,对不同风速下该水库网箱带对周边水域水质浓度变化进行模拟.计算结果表明,同等条件下,自然风速小于7.5 m/s时,与无风时差异甚小;自然风速等于8.5 m/s时,粪大肠菌群、DO和BOD5有效横向衰减系数分别增大0.0016,0.0017和0.0032,影响范围分别扩大22.62%,19.50%和18.67%.进一步证实了风成流的形成对水库生态环境的影响.     

基于虚拟仪器的鱼声信息采集系统的设计

针对鱼群在给食前后的状态和食物需求之间的关系,文章设计一种基于水听器及NIMYDAQ采集卡的鱼声信号采集系统方案,通过水听器感知鱼在不同状态下的声信号,经采集卡和虚拟仪器（LabVIEW）编程实现模数转换、信号调理等环节,实现鱼声信号的采集、存储、显示与简单的分析任务。测试结果表明,该方案可以实现不同状态下鱼声信号的采集与处理。     

HOW PROXIMITY OF LAND USE AFFECTS STREAM FISH AND HABITAT

This study quantified the unique variation in stream fish and habitat and a land use disturbance index (LDI) at a variety of spatial scales: catchment, eight riparian polygons that varied in width and length (e.g. 50 m to all upstream reaches), upstream polygons of 1.6 and 3.2 km and the residual upland area of each site watershed not accounted for by each polygon. The analyses confirmed a hockey stick‐shaped relationship between the fish community and the LDI, with sensitive species only present below an LDI of 11. The largest variation for most metrics was explained by the largest polygons, suggesting that local riparian conditions were not as important predictors of stream condition. LDI in upland areas, where zero‐order streams occur, was also an important predictor of fish biomass and taxa richness. Contrary to expected, additive models with both catchment and riparian corridors provided minimal increases in predictive power, and no improvement in model performance occurred when data sets were stratified into sites below the LDI threshold. Finally, there was considerable covariation in the template and stressor predictor variables that made it difficult to quantify the unique variation in biological and physical responses accounted for by land use. That the 1600‐m proximal polygon provided the best predictor of the fish community and temperature is supportive of there being some proximal effects of land use. Overall, our findings suggest that stream management must consider processes that occur in the entire upstream catchment and the entire riparian corridor, including the headwaters for success. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

仿生鱼鳍中形状记忆合金驱动器的水下变形精度分析

简要介绍了仿生鱼鳍的基本机构和工作原理．为了提高形状记忆合金仿生鱼鳍的变形精度,理论计算了作为鱼鳍驱动器的形状记忆合金薄板对端部的水下变形误差．给出了形状记忆合金薄板表面的流体无量纲阻力系数随时间的变化关系,同时给出了某一时刻薄板表面及其周边的压力分布和薄板尾迹中的卡门涡街形态．最后,通过实验验证了理论推导的正确性．     

Downstream environmental effects of dam operations: Changes in habitat quality for native fish species

Hydropeaking dam operation and water extractions for irrigation have been broadly stated as alterations to natural flow regimes, which have also been noticed in the Biobío Watershed, in Central Chile, since 1996. In the Biobío River, most of native fish species are endemic and very little is known about them. Their ecological and social values have never been estimated, and there is lack of information about their habitat preferences. Furthermore, changes on fish habitat availability due to natural and/or man‐made causes have not been evaluated. In this study, eight native fish species, in a representative reach of the Biobío River, were studied and their preferred habitats were surveyed and characterized. A hydrodynamic model was built and linked to the fish habitat simulation model CASiMiR. Fuzzy rules and fuzzy sets were developed for describing habitat preference of the native fish species. CASiMiR was then used to simulate how physical habitat conditions vary due to flow control (i.e. upstream dams). Results show how overall habitat quality, expressed as weighted usable area (WUA) and hydraulic habitat suitability (HHS), changes and fluctuates due to the dam operation and how the daily hydropeaking is influencing quantity, quality and location of different habitats. The study suggests that the analysed fish are highly susceptible to flow control, as dams are currently operated, and fish habitat improvement suggestions are proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.