Fish oil microencapsulation as influenced by spray dryer operational variables

The effects of spray‐drying air temperature, aspirator rate (drying air mass flow rate), peristaltic pump rate (feed mass flow rate) and spraying air mass flow rate on microencapsulation properties of fish oil including moisture content, particle size, bulk density, encapsulation efficiency and peroxide were investigated. The process was carried out on a mini spray dryer, and skim milk powder was used as the encapsulating wall material. Results indicated that increasing inlet air temperature increased the particle size, encapsulation efficiency and peroxide value but decreased the bulk density and moisture content of product. Increasing aspirator rate resulted in increased particle size and peroxide value but decreased the moisture content and bulk density. Increase in feed mass flow rate increased the moisture content, particle size, bulk density and peroxide value but decreased the encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules. The encapsulation efficiency and bulk density increased with the increasing aspirator rate but moisture content, particle size and peroxide value decreased.     

采用“梯度升温法”提取鱼鳞明胶及其理化特性的研究

以草鱼鳞为原料提取明胶,首先采用单因素试验明确了明胶提取温度为60℃～80℃,时间为6h。在此基础上采用60℃～70℃～80℃三段式加热的梯度升温法提取草鱼鳞明胶,并以恒温提取法(60℃、70℃和80℃)为对照组,对所制备的明胶理化特性进行了比较研究。实验表明,梯度升温法所得明胶相比市售明胶和对照组,含有更多的高分子量组分(130～250ku),使其具有更高的凝胶强度,傅里叶变换红外光谱显示梯度升温法所得明胶具有明胶特有的典型酰胺带,其溶胶-凝胶点和热变性温度居于恒温提取法60℃组和80℃组之间,但提取率和凝胶强度均相对较高,且灰分含量低于0.20%,脂肪含量低于0.60%。综上所述,采用梯度升温法提取明胶兼顾了提取率和明胶品质,具有较好的应用前景。     

Selective separation and characterisation of dual ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) protein hydrolysates

Microwave pretreatment and hydrolysis were applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by-products to produce bioactive peptides with dual in vitro angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. Peptides were fractionated using the single step electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF). Concentration of cationic peptides (CP) increased in the recovery solution, reaching 125 μg mL⁻¹ after a 4-h treatment with migration rate of 15.68 ± 2.98 g m⁻² h. CP fractions displayed ACE and DPP-IV I inhibitory properties, with IC₅₀ values of 0.0036 mg mL⁻¹ and 1.23 mg mL⁻¹ respectively. The bioactivity was attributed to the low molecular weight peptides (300–500 Da) recovered. CP exhibited non-competitive inhibition patterns for ACE and DPP-IV, which were dose dependent. These results showed that bioactive peptides can successfully be separated from complex hydrolysate mixtures by EDUF. The fractionated peptides can serve as potential functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for the management of hypertension and diabetes.     

Evaluation of the potential use of discard species for fish silage and assessment of its oils for human consumption

Waste or by-products contains a substantial amount of nutrients. Fish silage is an alternative way for assessment of fish discards and waste generated in the fish processing industries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential use of discard species (Equulites klunzingeri, marine fish and Carassius gibelio, freshwater fish) for fish silage and chemical quality of fish oil extracted from fish silages prepared with acid and fermented methods. Lipid quality of fish oils extracted from fish silages with LAB strains was evaluated in terms of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine (AV), totox values and fatty acid composition. The results showed that PV, TBA, AV and totox values of all extracted fish oils were within the acceptable limits for edible oils. Recovered fish oils from silage contained high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), serving as a source of good quality fish oil for human consumption.     

鱼油软胶囊中脂肪酸组成及比率分析

采用气相色谱法对海洋鱼油软胶囊中脂肪酸组成和比率进行分析,为合理补充DHA、EPA等多不饱和脂肪酸提供理论依据,并为鉴别海洋鱼油质量提供基础数据。结果表明:鱼油软胶囊中主要含有C14~C22脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数50.8%~85.1%,特别是具有重要生理作用的多不饱和脂肪酸,如C20:5(EPA,约占10.0%~35.1%)、C22:6(DHA,约占10.7%~20.5%);鱼油软胶囊中n-3不饱和脂肪酸质量分数约为22.5%~55.7%,n-6不饱和脂肪酸与n-3不饱和脂肪酸的比率约为0~0.7,EPA与DHA的比率约为0.8~1.9。     

凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定 咸鱼中7种有机磷农药

目的 建立咸鱼中丙溴磷、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、亚胺硫磷、三唑磷、敌百虫和乐果等七种有机磷农药的凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱串联质谱测定法。方法 咸鱼样品经环己烷-乙酸乙酯(1:1, v/v)提取后,经凝胶渗透色谱仪净化,再使用Extend-C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子化源,以多反应监测（MRM）方式分析,正离子化模式进行检测。结果 七种有机磷农药在2.5～100 μg/kg线性范围内的相关系数良好,其检出限在0.05～0.20 μg/kg之间。该方法加标回收率为70.9%～116.6%,相对标准偏差为2.7%～13.8%（n=6)。结论 本方法具有提取效率高,净化效果好,准确灵敏和快速等优点,适用于咸鱼中有机磷农药残留检测,符合实际工作的需要。     

AMDIS-SPME-GC/MS分析不同产地鱼露中的挥发性物质

目的:鉴定不同产地鱼露的挥发性物质。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用结合,对不同产地鱼露中的挥发性物质进行分析检测,结合相对保留指数、质谱自动解卷积系统对挥发性物质进行定性。结果:5种鱼露样品共有93种挥发性物质,其中广东鱼露样品中酯类和芳香类挥发性物质的相对含量高,泰国鱼露样品中酮类挥发性物质的相对含量高,越南鱼露样品中酸类和杂环类挥发性物质的相对含量高,实验室自制鱼露样品中烃类、醛类和醇类挥发性物质相对含量高。五种鱼露不同个批号的样品经验证积分器(Assignment Validator and Integrator,GAVIN)自动峰对齐后,检出各自的独有组分35种,共有组分11种。共有组分被用于主成成分分析,不同产地的鱼露在主成分分析图上得到较好的分离。结论:提供了不同产地鱼露气味物质的特征,提供了一种利用气质联用的挥发物分析进行产品产地溯源的方法和工作流程。     

利用气相色谱法分析不同萃取方法对鱼油中EPA、DHA含量的影响

本文利用气相色谱法(GC)对鱼油中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)进行了定量分析,探究了快速检测EPA、DHA的分析条件,并以黄鲛鱼鱼胃为原料,利用建立的色谱分析方法分别测定了超声强化亚临界水萃取法、超声波辅助溶剂萃取法、酶解提取法和超临界CO₂萃取法获得的鱼油样品中的EPA和DHA的含量。结果显示:EPA的出峰时间是10.015 min,DHA的出峰时间是16.500 min。升温程序和分流比会显著影响目标峰(EPA、DHA)与其相邻峰的分离度R₁和R₂(p<0.01)。该法与国标GB5009.168-2016中的脂肪酸色谱分析方法相比,具有针对性强(可快速检测EPA、DHA)、准确性高、重现性好和快速高效的特点,样品分析时间由82 min缩短至18 min。在最佳分析条件下,上前述四种萃取方法获得鱼油中含有的EPA的检出量依次是54.67、35.23、40.13、33.40 mg/g,DHA的检出量依次是134.01、77.50、102.30、67.31 mg/g。