鱼油微胶囊技术的研究

采用喷雾干燥法对鱼油进行微胶囊化 ,并对产品进行质量评定。结果表明 :壁材阿拉伯胶、糊精、玉米糖浆的最佳配比为 3∶ 3∶ 4 ,芯材占壁材的添加量为 30 % ,乳化温度为 5 0～ 60℃ ,乳化剂添加量为 0 8% ,喷雾干燥的进风温度为 2 0 0℃ ,制得的产品质量较高 ,产品水分含量为 2 30 % ,溶解度为 94 7% ,颗粒直径 38μm,且感官质量较高。     

Inactivation of Nisin by Glutathione in Fresh Meat

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to determine the fate of nisin in meat products. Nisin in 0.02N HCl was added to fresh and cooked meat and meat juice and samples were stored at 4 °C overnight. Residual nisin solutions and meat juice and meat extract supernatants were analyzed for antimicrobial activity and for nisin. Nisin was recovered from cooked meat extract and cooked meat juice; however, only nisin bound to a food component was detected in fresh meat extract. Mass spectra for raw meat and juice showed a signal 307 Da greater than the mass of nisin. Results indicated that nisin was likely inactivated in raw meat by an enzymatic reaction with glutathione.     

一种超声换能器阻抗匹配的研究

为了便于探鱼声纳更好的应用于小渔船,其换能器基阵应简易轻便,易于安装,因此把换能器的匹配网络放在干端,减小换能器基阵的体积与重量。为解决长线传输过程中换能器的阻抗匹配,提出了一种匹配方法,在实际应用中很好地解决了超声换能器的宽带阻抗匹配。     

基于拥挤度因子的动态信息素更新策略蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢的问题,文中提出了一种基于拥挤度因子的动态信息素更新策略的蚁群算法(CFACS)。引入鱼群算法中拥挤度的思想,扩大种群中蚂蚁分布范围,使其探索更大的解空间,提高算法全局搜索能力;采用动态信息素更新策略,在每一次迭代中,自适应调整当前最优路径所释放的信息素浓度,保证蚁群前期的多样性,同时保证算法在后期的收敛性。求解TSP问题的仿真实验表明,改进算法求得解的质量和求解的收敛速度都明显优于传统蚁群算法,较好地平衡了种群多样性与收敛速度之间的矛盾。     

一种新的混合优化粒子滤波算法

针对标准粒子滤波算法的精度不高,对噪声变化敏感的缺点,将一种新的混合智能优化算法引入粒子滤波。在粒子滤波中将人工鱼群算法全局搜索与微粒群算法的局部搜索相结合,融合最新的观测值,使粒子更准确地向高似然区域移动,既保证了全局收敛性,又保证了较快的收敛速度。实验表明该方法具有精度高,抗噪声干扰能力强并且鲁棒性高的特点。     

基于图像处理技术与支持向量机的鱼龄识别

采用图像处理技术,提出了一种基于核主成分分析(KPCA)与支持向量机(SVM)的鱼年龄自动识别新方法。首先通过KPCA提取鱼的耳石图像的主元,然后用SVM对鱼的年龄进行学习、识别和预测。实验表明,该方法取得了较好的效果。     

基于虚拟仪器的鱼声信息采集系统的设计

针对鱼群在给食前后的状态和食物需求之间的关系,文章设计一种基于水听器及NIMYDAQ采集卡的鱼声信号采集系统方案,通过水听器感知鱼在不同状态下的声信号,经采集卡和虚拟仪器（LabVIEW）编程实现模数转换、信号调理等环节,实现鱼声信号的采集、存储、显示与简单的分析任务。测试结果表明,该方案可以实现不同状态下鱼声信号的采集与处理。     

基于人工鱼群PID控制算法的四旋翼飞行器控制

针对传统的试凑法对四旋翼飞行器PID控制参数的整定精确度低等问题,提出采用全局人工鱼群算法将PID的3个参数作为鱼群中的一个个体组合,根据目标函数的变化情况及个体的状态,进行觅食、聚群、追尾等行为选择,从而在全局范围内搜索PID参数的最优组合,并结合动力学模型实现飞行器的飞行控制。仿真结果表明,全局人工鱼群算法具有更高的适应性和鲁棒性,且提高了系统的精度。     

基于淮河中游鱼类不同等级生境保护目标的生态需水

随着社会经济发展,生产生活用水长期挤占生态环境用水,造成河道断流、生境破坏、生态系统恶化等一系列生态环境问题。针对淮河流域目前的水生态环境问题,以淮河中游鱼类为研究对象,通过分析河段天然流量过程,以淮河流域生态恢复为目标,建立鱼类保护目标概念模型,采用IHA及EFC指标体系分析天然流量变化特性,并用HEC-RAS模型基于鱼类生态水力需求确定流量值大小,得出符合天然流量动态变化且满足不同等级生境目标需求的生态需水推荐结果,可为淮河流域水资源优化配置提供依据。     

A modified hot processing strategy for beef: reduced electrical energy consumption in carcass chilling

A beef processing strategy for improving energy and labour efficiencies, modified hot processing (MHP), was developed in a research abattoir. The work reported herein investigated carcass chilling rates and electrical energy usage in the chilling of carcasses that were processed using this approach. The MHP procedure removes the lower value cuts from the dressed carcass along with associated bone and fat. The remaining high value meat (posterior carcass quarter) is chilled in the usual manner, while the low value cuts are immediately processed (e.g. reduced into pre-blended, salted, chilled meat for emulsion-type products; rendered; directly processed as fresh, hot-boned meat, etc.). Carcasses prepared by the MHP method were dissected to quantify the amounts of lean meat, separable fat and bone removed in the procedure. These data were used with a simple model to predict the amount of chilling energy that could be saved by applying MHP prior to chilling. Electrical power to operate a blast chilling facility containing carcasses that had been processed either by conventional processing or by MHP methods was monitored and recorded, and the resulting data was used to confirm the model result. The MHP procedure reduced the refrigeration load for beef chilling by as much as 51% (P < 0·05). The amount of chilling energy to be saved would depend upon the methods employed to further process the low value tissues, and was calculated to be no less than 7%. The time for the reduced MHP carcass quarters to chill to 10°C at the fat-muscle interface of the longissimus dorsi muscle (12/13 rib) was shorter for MHP carcasses than for conventional carcasses (5·77 h vs 7·08 h, respectively) (P < 0·05). However, the times to chill the deep hip location of MHP hind quarters and conventional beef sides were not significantly different (P < 0·05).