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41.
A continuous process for the extraction of sunflower oil using supercritical CO2, featuring multiple extractors, one oil separator and three cascaded CO2 recovery vessels operating at different pressures, was devised and studied. For every single equipment of the plant making up the process a mathematical model was built. Experimental tests—consisting in measurements of oil solubility in supercritical CO2—were carried out in a laboratory-scale apparatus to characterise the behaviour of sunflower oil in the separation from the supercritical fluid. The mathematical model of the whole process was coded in the commercial gPROMS process modelling environment where both its simulation and optimisation—this latter assuming the overall oil production cost as the objective function—were carried out. The process- and economics-related results are discussed and compared with those obtained with traditional and cold-pressing extraction. 相似文献
42.
放射性核素迁移的实验室研究——Ⅱ.用混合裂变产物溶液研究核素在地质材料上的吸附 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用裂变产物混合物做为示踪剂研究了~(137)Cs,~(141,144)Ce,~(103,106)Ru,~(103,106)Ru,~(95)Zr,~(95)Nb,~(89,90)Sr在花岗岩、凝灰岩、页岩上的吸附行为。应用批式技术测定了吸附比。核素的γ放射性是用连有SCORPIO-3000多道计算机系统的Ce(Li)探测器测量的。β放射性~(89,90)Sr是放化分离后在G-M计数器上测量的。结果表明:凝灰岩、页岩能强烈吸附Ce,Nb,Zr;吸附Cs居中;吸附Sr,Ru较差;花岗岩的吸附性能都差。 相似文献
43.
The influence of NaCl and CO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91 is studied in the laboratory. Samples were exposed under carefully controlled air and flow conditions; the relative humidity was 95%, the temperature was 22.0°C and the concentration of CO2 was < 1 ppm or 350 ppm. Different amounts of sodium chloride (0–70 μg/cm2) were added before exposure. The corrosion products were analyzed by gravimetry, ion chromatography, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mass gain and metal loss results are reported. The combination of high humidity and NaCl is very corrosive towards AZ91. However, the NaCl‐induced corrosion is inhibited by ambient concentrations of CO2. Exposure in the absence of CO2 gives rise to heavy pitting, with brucite, Mg(OH)2, being the dominant corrosion product. In the presence of CO2 a layer of hydrated magnesium hydroxy carbonate, Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5 H2O forms. A tentative corrosion mechanism is presented that explains the behavior in the two environments. 相似文献
44.
从数字看发展片式电容器面临的机遇与挑战 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
采用海关进、出口统计和行业生产统计资料,通过计算、分析,用数字来说明国内发展片式多层陶瓷电容器、片式钽电解电容器、片式铝电解电容器、片式有机薄膜电容器所面临的机遇与挑战,并对其国内市场需求总量、额,国产品在国内市场占有率等做出评估,为有关单位了解片式电容器的发展提供参考,为国产产品更有效地进入国内市场、促进其发展提供依据。 相似文献
45.
46.
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz 《含能材料》2006,14(6):449-452
A new method for prediction of Gurney velocity of explosives is introduced in which energy output is correlated with the heat of detonation, the number of moles of gaseous products of detonation per gram of explosive and the average molecular weight of gaseous products. It is assumed that the CHNO explosive reacts to form products composed of N2 , CO, H2O, CO2, H2,O2 and C(s) as determined by the oxygen balance of the unreacted compound. Good agreement is obtained between measured and calculated values of Gurney velocity as compared to previous correlations which assumed the reaction products to consist of N2 , H2O, CO2 and either C(s) or O2. 相似文献
47.
普通热轧钢材的合理洁净度及生产工艺探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
钢凝固前、后生成的非金属夹杂物形貌和在钢中的分布特点不同,凝固前生成的夹杂物尺寸较大,在钢中随机分布,主要影响钢材的疲劳强度和延性等性能。凝固后生成的夹杂物尺寸小,主要在晶界富集析出。硅锰脱氧钢脱氧后钢液仍含有20×10-6以上溶解氧,这部分溶解氧在钢凝固后绝大多数会转变为微细的氧化物或氧硫化物夹杂。钢凝固后生成的夹杂物主要影响钢材的冲击韧性、韧-脆转换温度等性能。 对热轧长型材用普碳钢和低合金钢不必采用铁水脱硫预处理,对热轧钢板用普碳钢可采用铁水轻度脱硫预处理,对热轧钢板用低合金高强度钢可采用铁水脱硫预处理、炼钢过程抑制回硫和出钢过程脱硫的工艺。对超低硫低合金钢,在钢水炉外精炼脱硫处理过程钢-渣间须维持非常低的氧势,炉渣成分应控制在CaO:SiO2:Al2O3=60%~65%:4%-8%:30%~35%范围。 普通热轧长型材用钢脱氧后溶解氧含量可放宽至(30-50)×10-6,对中、厚板钢溶解氧含量必须较严格控制,最好采用铝脱氧将溶解氧控制在较低的水平,并将T[O]含量控制在50×10-6以下。采用降低炼钢终点钢水氧含量、出钢挡渣、CAS和CAB等较简易炉外精炼方法和防止铸坯夹渣等措施,能够生产满足普通热轧钢洁净度要求的高品质钢材。 相似文献
48.
传统块状炭材料的发展概况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
传统块状炭材料,如石墨电极、炼铝用阳极和阴极炭块、电炭制品、特种炭和石墨、炭砖等,在国民经济中占据不可替代的举足轻重的地位。本文简要概述了传统块状炭材料的国内外发展现状,在此基础上论述了我国相关领域中存在的问题,以期引起对传统但却十分重要的块状炭材料的进一步重视。 相似文献
49.
Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Such strategies can affect the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere through 4 mechanisms: storage of C in the biosphere; storage of C in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil-fuel use; use of wood products which often displaces other products that require more fossil fuel for their production. We use the mathematical model GORCAM (Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model) to examine these mechanisms for 16 land-use scenarios. Over long time intervals the amount of C stored in the biosphere and in forest products reaches a steady state and continuing mitigation of C emissions depends on the extent to which fossil fuel use is displaced by the use of bioenergy and wood products. The relative effectiveness of alternative forest and bioenergy strategies and their impact on net C emissions strongly depend, for example, on the productivity of the site, its current usage, and the efficiency with which the harvest is used. When growth rates are high and harvest is used efficiently, the dominant opportunity for net reduction in C emissions is seen to be fossil-fuel displacement. At the growth rates and efficiencies of harvest utilization adopted in many of our base scenarios, the net C balance at the end of 100 years is very similar whether trees are harvested and used for energy and traditional forest products, or reforestation and forest protection strategies are implemented. The C balance on a plantation system that provides a constant output of biomass products can look different than the balance of a single parcel of land. 相似文献
50.
An algorithmic approach was used to select recoveries for non-sharp sequence designs. Simple distillation columns were employed. The non-key component distribution was modeled using the Fenske equation. The combination of producing impure products and allowing non-key component distribution, results in a large search space. With this large search space size and software limitations, five problems were solved (see summary table in the Design Examples sub-section). The optimal non-key component distribution was found to be significant but not necessarily maximal. Parallel processing was selected as optimal in contrast to the more traditional sequential processing. 相似文献