Addition of ferulic acid,ethyl ferulate,and feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols to salad oils and frying oils

To determine antioxidative effects of ferulic acid and esterified ferulic acids, these compounds were added to soybean oils (SBO), which were evaluated for oxidative stability and frying stability. Additives included feruloylated MAG and DAG (FMG/FDG), ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and TBHQ. After frying tests with potato chips, oils were analyzed for retention of additives and polar compounds. Chips were evaluated for hexanal and rancid odor. After 15 h frying, 71% of FMG/FDG was retained, whereas 55% of ethyl ferulate was retained. TBHQ and ferulic acid levels were 6% and <1%, respectively. Frying oils with ethyl ferulate or TBHQ produced significantly less polar compounds than SBO with no additives. Chips fried in SBO with TBHQ or ferulic acid had significantly lower amounts of hexanal and significantly less rancid odor after 8 d at 60°C than other samples. Oils were also aged at 60°C, and stability was analyzed by PV, hexanal, and rancid odor. Oils with TBHQ or FMG/FDG had significantly less peroxides and hexanal, and a lower rancid odor intensity than the control. FMG/FDG inhibited deterioration at 60°C, whereas ethyl ferulate inhibited the formation of polar compounds in frying oil. Ferulic acid acted as an antioxidant in aged fried food. TBHQ inhibited oil degradation at both temperatures. Presented at the 94th AOCS Meeting & Expo, Kansas City, MO, May 4–7, 2003.     

硫酸盐木浆企业恶臭污染状况及治理措施

通过分析硫酸盐木浆企业生产工艺,恶臭气体为硫酸盐木浆企业排放的特征污染物.分析了其产生过程、主要成分、排放方式,对有组织排放和无组织排放恶臭气体的收集提出了相应措施.提出了以收集燃烧为主,结合控制无组织排放,改进生产配方,优化燃烧系统等多种方法综合运用,彻底解决恶臭污染的措施.     

静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时检测涂层织物中的6种异味物质

采用静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用法对涂层织物中丙酮、甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯6种异味物质进行了分析.方法采用DB-5石英弹性毛细管色谱柱分离,质谱检测器检测.色谱进样口温度160℃,分流比8∶1,升温程序为初始柱温40℃,保持1 min,以1℃/min升温至45℃后再以20℃/min升温至85℃,保持2 min;以氦气为载气,流速0.6 mL/min.6种异味物质能够完全分离,线性良好,线性相关系数R2在0.990 2~0.999 0之间,最低检测限在0.008~0.189μg/mL之间,相对标准偏差RSD值小于4.84%.采用该方法对9种涂层织物进行了检测,操作简便、快捷,与嗅辨法相比该方法更加客观,可以应用于纺织品异味检测.     

Sex-identifying urine and molt signals in lobster (Homarus americanus)

During courtship, premolt female lobsters,Homarus americanus, choose a male and initiate a pair bond by repeated approaches to his shelter. The male allows such a female to share his shelter for about one week. This knowledge formed the basis to search for quantitative evidence for lobster sex pheromone(s) used in courtship: male cues to allow premolt females to identify a preferred male, and female cues to allow males to identify a premolt mature female. In each of four 1500-liter naturalistic aquaria, the behavioral responses of one female and two male lobsters to male and female lobster urine (0.5 ml) and body odor (20 ml) stimuli were observed. These stimuli were injected once or twice per day into a continuously flowing delivery tube attached to lobster shelters. Habituation to stimulus introduction—a serious problem in earlier experiments—was apparently avoided in the more natural social and physical environment we employed in these experiments. We demonstrated that male and female molt body odors contain different chemical substances: females responded to male molt body odor and males responded to female molt body odor but not vice versa. In general, male and female intermolt urine caused strong responses; however, females responded only weakly to male urine. This suggests that male and female urine are chemically different. Female urine and molt body odor caused a typically male high-on-legs response. These results show that molt body odors and intermolt urine contain sex-specific substances, which may be used in lobster courtship as well as other social interactions.     

PAC对水库型水源水中嗅味物质2-MIB的吸附特性

为解决水库型水源水中季节性藻致嗅味物质的应急处理问题,研究了不同水质条件下粉末活性炭(PAC)对水中嗅味物质二甲基异崁醇(2-MIB)的吸附动力学模型和吸附热力学模型,考察了2类水库型水源水中有机物对吸附作用的影响.结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,纯水、原水A和原水B中PAC对2-MIB的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,吸附等温线符合修正的Freundlich方程,且吸附速率和吸附容量依次降低;原水A、B中PAC对2-MIB的吸附能力显著降低,但原水B中2-MIB在活性炭表面的吸附势能比原水A中的强,这可能主要是由原水中分子质量500 u的小分子有机物引起的微孔吸附竞争及其极性造成的.     

响应曲面法优化河蚬发酵去腥工艺

采用生物发酵法对河蚬进行去腥处理,通过单因素试验研究酵母用量、发酵温度和发酵时间对去腥效果的影响,再运用响应曲面试验设计进行优化试验,确定最佳发酵去腥工艺条件。其最佳工艺条件为：以lOOg河蚬计,酵母2g、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间2h。     

基于金属氧化物气体传感器的气味罗盘的实验分析研究

设计一种由TGS2620金属氧化物气体传感器构建的气味罗盘系统。研制了气味罗盘的信号采样系统及辅助电路。在点气源及平流环境下对该系统进行了360°静态气源定位实验,提取传感器阻值响应比为特征量,并论证了该特征量与罗盘偏转角度α的对应关系。实验表明气味罗盘对相差30°方向的气源据有较大的响应差,以响应比值为特征量进行分析能够排除同类型传感器个体差异对分析结果的影响。     

A comparison of the effectiveness of predator odor and plant antifeedant in deterring small mammal feeding damage on lodgepole pine seedlings

The influence of mustelid (weasel) anal-gland compounds (semiochemicals) and a plant antifeedant (pinosylvin) on snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) feeding damage was investigated. This study has shown conclusively that when applied to spring-planted lodgepole pine seedlings, pinosylvin is effective in significantly reducing feeding damage. Seedlings treated with pinosylvin suffered damage levels of 2.3% and 21.2% compared to the controls with damage levels of 24.5% and 41.0%. Weasel scent was found to reduce damage levels, but the reduction was not statistically significant in all blocks.     

S市水源水致臭物质分析研究

目前藻类引起的饮用水嗅味问题愈加明显,特别是我国南方的水体。文章采用固相微萃取-气相色谱分析法对S市SZ水库原水中的嗅味物质进行了分析研究,结果表明:原水中存在一种嗅味物质-环柠檬醛。     

Opposing Effects of D? and D? Receptor Activation on Odor Discrimination Learning.

Dopaminergic modulation of cortical activity has been implicated in the formation of reward associations. There is abundant evidence for dopaminergic effects on olfactory processing. Using an olfactory discrimination task, the authors show that D? and D? dopamine receptors can regulate rats' olfactory discrimination capacities and that the effects of receptor activation functionally oppose one another. Injection of either the D? agonist SKF 38393 (10 mg/kg) or the D? antagonist spiperone (0.62 mg/kg) facilitated the discrimination of similar odorants but had no effect on the discrimination of dissimilar odorants, whereas both the D, antagonist SCH 23390 (0.025 mg/kg) and the D? agonist quinpirole (0.2 mg/kg) significantly impaired rats' ability to discriminate similar and dissimilar odorants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)