堤坝下软土夹层地基塑流失稳的模糊综合评判

将模糊数学的综合评判方法引用到堤、坝下软土夹层地基塑流失稳的分析中。构造了各因素对应的隶属函数,建立了评判矩阵,拟定了相应的权重,运用M(·,+)数学模型进行模糊矩阵运算。最后对堤坝下软土夹层地基塑流失稳做了最终评判。     

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Solid Flow in Square Cyclone Separators with Downward Exit

Cyclone separators are widely used in industrial applications. The separation efficiency and pressure drop are the most important parameters to evaluate the performance of processing system. In the simulations, the flow behavior of gas and particles within a square cyclone separator is simulated by means of computational fluid dynamics. The RNG k - ε model and the Reynolds stress model （RSM） are used to model gas turbulence. The flow behavior is examined in the term of tangential velocity components, static pressure and pressure drop contour plots for flow field and solid volume fraction. The effects of the turbulence model and solid volume fraction on the square cyclone are discussed. The results indicate that the pressure drop increases with the increase of solid volume fraction, and increase with the increase of inlet velocities for two turbulence models, moreover, the simulations resuhs are compared with pressure field. For all runs, the RSM model gives a higher pressure drop compared to the RNG k - ε model. The RSM model provides well the forced vortex and free vortex, and captures better the phenomena occurring during intense vortex flow in the presence of walls within cyclone separators.     

红旗轿车三维分离流动特性

介绍了使用激光片光技术及激光多普勒测速仪对红旗ＣＡ７７４ 轿车尾流的三维分离流的尾迹和速度分布测定的试验研究。研究表明,光学流态显示和数字图象技术相结合,可以有效地揭示汽车的尾流结构,诊断阻力来源。本项研究为建立汽车三维分离流动的动态仿真理论模型提供了依据。     

Techniques for quickly changing fuel gas in continuous annealing furnaces

An increasing number of annealing furnaces have recently been using cheaper and cleaner natural gas(NG)instead of liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)as fuel gas.However,the fuel gas of the furnaces often needs to be changed when NG supply is not adequate or when LPG becomes cheaper.Usually,changing the fuel gas involves changing various equipment as well as control parameters for instruments and the control system and hence is time consuming.Therefore,it is important to develop aquick process for changing fuel gas.This study discusses the techniques for quickly changing fuel gas in an annealing furnace.These techniques deal with the design of the pipe, valve and burner,the selection of the flow meter and the flow control valve,the switch of the software and parameters for the control system,as well as the operation,commissioning and hot test of the furnace when the fuel gas is changed.Using these techniques,it is possible to change fuel gas in6 h.     

无动力快速浮选在山东某黄金矿山的应用

山东某黄金矿山选矿厂由于浮选工艺流程中旋流器与取样机之间高差较大,以致溢流矿浆流速快、动能大,易造成对管路、弯头及取样机缓冲箱的冲击磨损。鉴于此,在旋流器溢流进入浮选粗选前增加快速浮选槽,以充分利用矿浆的动能,将原浮选工艺流程前增设无动力快速浮选工艺,并对改造后工艺流程结构进行了优化,将原三次扫选改为二次扫选。无动力快速浮选工艺的应用,不但节约了能耗,而且提高了金回收率,其由改造前的91.69%提高到93.06%,生产指标较好。     

Fluid Flow,Heat Transfer and Inclusion Motion in a Four‐Strand Billet Continuous Casting Tundish

Inclusions in the steel in a four‐strand continuous casting tundish, billet and wire products are firstly investigated with industrial trials, and the fraction of inclusions removed in terms of total oxygen in the tundish is measured. Then the 3‐dimenional fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion motion in the tundish are numerically simulated. The κ‐? two‐equation model is used to model turbulence. Inclusion motion and trajectories are calculated by considering drag force and buoyancy force, coupling the effect of turbulent fluctuation (Random Walk Model). The effect of strands‐blocking on the fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion removal is studied. A new design of tundish is proposed focusing on removing more inclusions from the molten steel.     

一种新型旋流排沙渠道的试验研究和数值模拟

为解决多泥沙河流引水时的水沙分离问题,提出了一种渠道排沙新技术——旋流排沙渠道,并采用试验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了渠道内水流的水力特性和排沙特性,分析了该技术的可行性。结果表明：流速、水面线等参数数值模拟结果与试验值一致,数值模拟能够反映旋流排沙渠道内水流的运动状态;起旋室流态随渠道来流量的增加呈自由流、临界流及淹没流的流态演变序列;在淹没流流态下排沙洞内能形成有利于泥沙悬浮卷扬的旋转水流,且对引水渠道内的流态影响很小;随着上游渠道水深增加,排沙洞的分流比呈非线性规律减小,在上游渠道内水深H/B=0.97时,排沙洞的分流比仅为6.07%;上游渠道内水深H/B=0.21时排沙洞内最大流速较渠道平均流速增大了175%,对粒径为(0.075～3)mm泥沙的截沙率达93.7%。旋流排沙渠道是一种高排沙率、低耗水量的渠道排沙技术,成果有利于丰富引水工程中的水沙分离技术,可为这种排沙新技术在工程中的设计和应用提供参考。     

多相流动状态下Cl~-对X70钢CO_2腐蚀的影响

用自制实验装置模拟起伏管路段塞流动条件下X70钢CO2腐蚀环境,通过电子显微镜、腐蚀挂片以及电化学在线监测等,对挂片表面形貌、腐蚀速率以及挂片在线腐蚀情况进行分析,采用实验与数值仿真研究了多相流动状态下Cl-对X70钢CO2腐蚀速率的影响,结果表明:在较低的Cl-浓度下,Cl-浓度对碳钢均匀腐蚀速率的影响存在一个临界浓度,超过临界浓度,碳钢均匀腐蚀速率大幅升高,继续增加Cl-浓度,对均匀腐蚀速率影响不大;在较高的Cl-浓度下,Cl-浓度对碳钢点蚀的影响也存在一个临界值,低于临界值,碳钢点蚀处在点蚀孔形成与钝化的动态平衡过程,高于临界值,这种平衡被打破。     

模拟“机架空过”对CSP铌微合金钢组织演变的影响

为了能给CSP轧制含Nb、V微合金钢时采用的"机架空过"工艺提供理论指导,在采用实测轧制数据验证组织演变模型的基础上,模拟了F2和F3机架空过工艺对组织演变和平均流变应力(MFS)的影响。结果表明:对模拟的钢种,与无空过道次轧制工艺相比,在不降低道次温度的情况下,采用F2机架空过时,可避免混晶,且各道次平均流变应力波动较小。而采用F3空过时,易产生混晶,平均流变应力波动较大。     

Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport Simulation with Imprecise Parameters

A methodology has been developed in this study wherein a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find a global optimal solution to a groundwater flow and contaminant problem by incorporating an artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate the objective function within the genetic algorithm. The study shows that an ANN-GA technique can be used to find the uncertainties in output parameters due to imprecision in input parameters. The ANN-GA methodology is applied to five case studies involving radial flow in a well, one-dimensional solute transport in steady uniform flow, a two-dimensional heterogeneous steady flow, a two-dimensional solute transport, and a two-dimensional unsteady groundwater flow to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed algorithm. The results show that, with this approach, one can successfully measure the uncertainty in groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulations and achieve a considerable reduction in computational effort when compared to the vertex method that has been widely used in the past.