Fractionation of water insoluble solids and extraction of pectins from residues of juice-extracted satsuma mandarin fruit by wet grinding

The waste biomass residue from satsuma mandarin juice production was extracted by wet-fine grinding and separated by centrifugation into insoluble and soluble fractions. The insoluble material was wet-screened into four fractions and analysed for crude fibre and total hydrolysable sugars. Crude fibre was almost exclusively in fractions containing particles over 50 μm, comprising about 65% of the insoluble material; this could provide a raw material high in crude fibre. The remaining insoluble fraction was almost devoid of crude fibre.
The soluble extract contained up to 63% of the total pectic substances with very similar methoxyl contents and degree of esterification, but double the viscometric molecular weight of a standard citrus pectin. The method provides an alternative to that of hot acid extraction.     

锌浸出渣中银浮选工艺优化工业试验

基于前期的实验室研究,对河南某锌冶炼厂低酸浸出渣浮选回收银浮选优化工艺进行了工业试验。采用原生产流程,调整优化生产现场矿浆浓度(保持在30%以上)和药剂制度(采用Z-200作辅助捕收剂,活性炭为载体,不再添加黄药)、工艺设备及其工作参数后进行了工业试验。结果表明,工艺优化后,银精矿品位由3000 g/t提高至6740.4 g/t,银回收率由60%~64%提高到73.17%;精矿产率降低到原工艺的三分之一,减少了银精矿所带走的锌损失;精矿中金品位由1.5 g/t提高到5.3 g/t以上,提高了金的回收率。     

Arsenic association and stability in long-term disposed arsenic residues

Long-term stability of arsenic residues is investigated by determining arsenic phases remaining in gold mining residues after two decades of impoundment. The residues, generated by arsenic coprecipitation with iron and lime, were disposed of in-lined sites for 9-16 years (pit C) and 16-23 years (pits A and B). Arsenic is present in the residues as As(V) species, predominantly in the form of amorphous iron arsenate (55-75% As_total, pits A and B; 55-70% As_total, pit C) and sorbed onto amorphous iron-oxyhydroxides (20-33% As_total, pits A and B; 22-37% As_total, pit C). The presence of minor Ca-arsenate phases (undefined composition) and Al-arsenate coprecipitates is also indicated. The passive enrichment of iron in pits A and B, and the relative low concentration of calcium, sulfur and arsenic if compared to those of pit C, suggest that a soluble Ca-arsenate phase (e.g. CaHAsO₄.H₂O), a fraction of gypsum and As(III) were dissolved along 16-23 years of residue disposal. The presence of As(V) only and excess iron demonstrates the importance of the oxidation state and high Fe/As ratio on long-term stability of arsenic residues.     

凝胶渗透色谱技术在卷烟分析前处理中的应用进展

样品前处理对于保证结果的一致性与准确度至关重要。GPC凝胶净化系统的出现,使得前处理方便快捷,数据准确可靠。综述了凝胶渗透色谱在卷烟烟气中农残成分和特殊有害成分(苯并芘和NNK)实验方法中的应用,指出,凝胶渗透净化系统用于卷烟烟气中苯并芘和亚硝胺分析的前处理具有创新性和研究意义。     

粉唑醇在小麦和土壤中残留量的气相色谱测定方法研究

建立了粉唑醇在小麦和土壤中残留量的气相色谱定量检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,过SPEFlorisil小柱净化,采用HP–5,30m×0.32mm×0.25μm毛细管色谱柱、氮磷检测器、外标法定量气相色谱测定。方法的线性范围在0.05～10mg/L,方程y=8362.6x+151.1,相关系数0.9999;最小检出量为0.05ng,最低检出浓度0.01mg/kg,平均回收率为89.97%～97.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.31%～6.67%。     

Metall-Recycling mittels Biohydrometallurgie

Biohydrometallurgy as a section of hydrometallurgy uses specific metabolic capabilities of microorganisms for metal extraction. Biomining is the application of bioleaching for metal extraction from sulfide ores. For recycling, i.e., metal extraction from waste and industrial residues, there are no biohydrometallurgical technologies yet, but promising laboratory studies on metal extraction from solids. In this review article, these are summarized, and perspectives are shown.     

Structural performance of alkali/acid-ultrasound modified Agave fibers during the melt mixing process with polyvinyl alcohol

This study aims to investigate changes in the structural properties of alkali/acid-ultrasound modified Agave fibers and their performance immersed on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix with plasticizer during melt mixing processing. Structural analysis revealed that ultrasound enhances the effectiveness of the conventional alkaline/acid treatments to modify fibers since the simultaneous treatment increased the partial removal of lignocellulosic components, water molecules, and amorphous regions which improved their processability on a PVA matrix. Specific energy consumption values indicated that during melt mixing the modified fibers required more energy to expose the chains of cellulose fraction to function as an interaction site for PVA chains. Once the mixture was homogenized, the fiber-matrix interactions promoted high viscosity, friction, and mechanical stress in the chamber. Therefore, the modified fibers restricted the interaction between plasticizer and PVA in the obtained films, resulting in a highly structured, and reinforced network, increasing the storage modulus as dynamic mechanical analysis indicated. These findings highlight a feasible way to valorize Agave fibers and allow the understanding of the matrix-fiber interactions during melt mixing processing, useful to predict the structural and mechanical properties of the films.     

乳和乳制品中残留抗生素的检测方法

论述了牛奶中残留抗生素的原因及危害性，列举了目前世界上较为流行的牛奶抗生素检测方法，并介绍了其检测原理。     

液质联用测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物 残留量的不确定度评定

目的采用液相色谱串联质谱法对水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的残留量进行测量不确定度评定。方法根据农业部783号公告-1-2006的前处理方法进行处理,根据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度的评定与表示》等相关理论,通过建立数学模型,对测量结果的各不确定度来源进行分析和量化。结果当硝基呋喃类代谢物的添加水平为2.0 ng/m L时,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物结果可表示为呋喃西林代谢物(2.114±0.114)ng/m L,k=2;呋喃妥因代谢物(2.162±0.124)ng/m L,k=2;呋喃它酮代谢物(1.880±0.107)ng/m L,k=2;呋喃唑酮代谢物(2.076±0.097)ng/m L,k=2。结论在确定的实验条件下,本方法的不确定度主要来自于仪器设备测试引起的峰面积的变化,呋喃西林代谢物和呋喃妥因代谢物方法的回收率也是一个主要影响因素。     

动物食品中四环素残留的研究进展

养殖业上,四环素类药物在促进畜禽生长、提高饲料报酬、疾病防治等方面发挥着重要作用。但是养殖户对四环素类药物的应用状况非常混乱,滥用四环素类药物的情况时有发生。由于四环素的滥用会给人和动物的健康带来危害,同时对动物性食品的食用安全带来不稳定因素。因此对四环素类药物残留的研究就显得尤为重要。本文主要阐述了四环素残留对人体健康的危害,四环素残留研究状况,四环素残留的一些相关的国家标准。最后提出四环素残留有待研究的问题和意义。