金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性与生物被膜能力的鉴定

本文选择常见的典型食源性微生物金黄色葡萄球菌,从食品微生物安全角度出发,对127株葡萄球菌的菌株特性、耐药性与生物被膜生长能力进行研究,包括菌株生化鉴定;PCR扩增葡萄球菌特异16S rRNA与金葡菌特异femA基因,通过对耐药基因mecA和orfX检测确定菌株的耐药特性;最后,运用结晶紫染色法进行生物被膜能力检测。127株菌株包括119株金葡菌(均携带16S rRNA与femA)与8株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌8株(仅携带16S rRNA)。119株金葡菌中,107株携带mecA基因与orfX基因,为耐甲氧西林金葡球菌(MRSA);8株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中,均携带mecA基因。所有菌株均能生成生物被膜,其中能形成强、中等与弱粘附生物被膜能力菌株分别有5(3.9%)、47(37.0%)和75(59.1%)株。金葡菌中耐药性与生物被膜较为普遍,由于食源性微生物形成生物被膜后,具有逃逸常规消毒和杀菌手段的能力,成为食品安全中的潜在隐患。     

Seoul Food Culture Viewed from High-Class Korean-Styled Restaurants and Korean Female Entertainers in the 1930s

Since Korea-Japan annexation in 1910, Japan has promoted the migration and/or tourism into colonial Chosun （old Korea） as an efficient cultural strategy for extending imperialism into Korean peninsula. In many tour guide books, the gisaeng （Korean female entertainers） was not only a symbol of Chosun tradition, but a main icon of Chosun tourism. The high class Korean-styled restaurants （yorijoem） were established as tourist attraction for Japanese inlanders, with singing and dancing gisaengs, ondol （Korean heating floor） house and Korean authentic cuisine, etc. The aim of this paper is firstly to explore the existential change of gisaengs in the yorijoem through its spatial significance in the 1930s, and secondly to explore the identity of Seoul local food culture and its metamorphosis under the colonial modernity.     

壳聚糖抗菌抗氧化活性及其在食品保鲜中应用

壳聚糖因其可生物可降解、生物相容好、无毒和具有天然抗菌抗氧化活性,使其成为食品保鲜与防腐研究的热点。本文在壳聚糖结构与抗菌抗氧化活性的基础上,重点概述了近年来壳聚糖在食品保鲜中的应用。      

基于PULSE的食品制冷机组隔振系统声强试验分析

以食品制冷机组压缩机隔振系统为研究对象,依据ISO 9614——1:1993《声学-用声强法测定噪声源的声功率级-第1部分:离散点上的测量》标准,采用pulse软件对其进行声强检测试验。通过对试验数据进行横向对比分析,讨论不同隔振装置以及不同中间质量对隔振性能的影响。研究结果可为后续食品制冷机组压缩机减振降噪研究提供借鉴。     

Toxicological evaluation of transgenic rice flour with an Escherichia coli phytase gene appA by sub‐chronic feeding study in Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: Phytase is increasingly used as an ingredient in swine and poultry feeds to improve the bioavailability of phytate‐bound phosphorus and reduce the supplement of elemental phosphorus in feeds. Recently, a transgenic rise (TGR) with phytase appA gene from E. coli has been developed in Taiwan. To assure the food safety of this TGR, we performed a sub‐chronic whole‐food feeding study with Wistar rats. RESULTS: Weaned feeding male and female rats were divided into TGR and non‐TGR (NTGR) groups (20 rats per group), and fed diets containing 76.8% rice flour of TGR and NTGR, respectively. After 93 days feeding, although some hematological findings and blood chemistry values differed significantly between the TGR and NTGR groups, all values were still within the normal range for rats of this age and sex. No adverse effects of TGR were observed in terms of animal behavior, weight gain, or feed utilization rate. Necropsy at the end of the experiment indicated that neither pathological lesions nor histopathological abnormalities were present in organs such as liver, kidney, intestines and testes of rats in TGR and NTGR groups. In addition, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in relative organ weights, hemograms and blood indices of rats between the two groups. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that in a 93‐day feeding study with Wistar rats a diet containing 76.8% of TGR flour having a phytase activity of about 1500 U kg^?1 body weight per day has no adverse effects. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of extrusion processing on nutrients in dry pet food

Extrusion cooking is commonly used to produce dry pet foods. As a process involving heat treatment, extrusion cooking can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the nutritional quality of the product. Desirable effects of extrusion comprise increase in palatability, destruction of undesirable nutritionally active factors and improvement in digestibility and utilisation of proteins and starch. Undesirable effects of extrusion include reduction of protein quality due to e.g. the Maillard reaction, decrease in palatability and loss of heat‐labile vitamins. Effects of extrusion processing on the nutritional values of feeds for livestock have been well documented. Literature results concerning effects of extrusion on dry pet foods, however, are scarce. The present review discusses the results of studies investigating the impact of extrusion cooking on the nutritional quality of dry pet foods. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

速冻预制淮山黄花菜饼的煎制工艺研究

以新鲜淮山、干黄花菜和面粉为主要原料,研究一种速冻预制淮山黄花菜饼的煎制工艺。确定基础配方为淮山浆∶面粉∶水为1∶1∶1,并添加20%的黄花菜丁和1%的食盐。通过单因素试验和正交试验对煎制工艺参数进行了优化,确定最佳工艺条件为黄花菜沸水预煮7min,煎饼煎制温度150℃,单面煎制时间210s,厚度1.2cm(面糊45g)。此工艺条件下的产品色泽黄亮,外酥里嫩,甜咸适口,包装后经速冻可贮藏在-18℃条件下。     

Trace elements in Canadian field peas: a grain safety assurance perspective

Canada is a significant exporter of field peas and, thus, issues of food safety are important in all grain and food products within the international marketplace. Environmental contaminants, such as trace elements, may be present in all foods and, as a result, international standards have been established for a number of toxic trace elements, such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, in raw food commodities and food products. The Canadian Grain Commission has undertaken a baseline study of various trace elements in Canadian peas to ensure compliance with international food safety legislation. Mean total cadmium content was found to be 0.023 mg kg^?1; arsenic and lead mean values were below the method limit of quantification of 0.050 mg kg^?1 and the total mean mercury level was below the quantification level of 0.002 mg kg^?1. All measured values in the study were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by the FAO and WHO in the Codex Alimentarius. The mean total selenium content was 0.331 mg kg^?1, with 56% of the measured values exceeding the MRL established by the People's Republic of China (PRC) of 0.3 mg kg^?1. No Codex MRL has been established for selenium as it is regarded as an essential trace element for human health and the PRC is currently reviewing its MRL for selenium in light of this fact. For those parts of the world where selenium-deficiency is of nutritional concern, the higher level of selenium in Canadian peas and their products may be of nutritional benefit.     

Dried Tomato‐Flavored Probiotic Cream Cheese with Lactobacillus paracasei

Abstract: A dried tomato‐flavored probiotic cream cheese (P) containing Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 was developed for the purpose of this study. The same product, but without probiotic addition (C) was used as control. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris were used as lactic starter cultures. Chemical composition analyses and sensory tests were performed on days 1 and 7, respectively. Titratable acidity, pH value and L. paracasei population were determined every 7 d during the refrigerated storage (21 d) of the cream cheeses. The experiment and analyses were performed in triplicate, using standard methods. Probiotic population remained greater than 10⁷ CFU/g throughout the storage period, thereby characterizing the product as potentially probiotic. Cream cheeses C and P did not differ on the sensory tests, both obtaining good overall acceptance by the consumers, of which 82.6% stated that they certainly or probably would buy the product. Practical Application: Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 is a probiotic bacterium and clinical studies have shown that this microorganism beneficially affects its host. In general, dried tomato‐flavored products and cream cheese are products with good acceptance by the consumers. Thus, regular consumption of the probiotic cream cheese developed in this study may have positive effects on health and well being of people if incorporated into their diet.     

~(60)Co-γ射线对粳米黏度的影响及机理分析

为明确大米辐照后黏度下降的原因,将粳米粒放在不同剂量的60Co-γ射线下辐照后观察了淀粉粒的形态与结构,测量了蒸煮黏度、碱溶蛋白分子量种类以及自由基含量的变化。结果表明,随辐照加强,粳米的蒸煮黏度的数值自213cPs单调降低到21cPs;淀粉组织崩解碎裂;蛋白质碎片增多,生成了35kD以下的小蛋白片段和肽;自由基增多,ESR信号增强;大米受γ射线辐照时,其成分物质中的电子从原有轨道激发电离,生成电子未配对的自由基,与淀粉、蛋白质等反应,导致后者断裂;以及辐射的生热效应使淀粉和其它成分膨胀产生的应力使大米结构崩解,也是粳米黏度降低的部分原因。