中国出口欧盟食品安全形势研究:基于食品和饲料快速预警体系的实证分析

出口食品安全关乎中国产品质量的世界声誉,也是影响中国食品产业国际化的重要因素。以欧盟食品和饲料快速预警体系(rapid alert system for food and feed,RASFF)的数据库数据为基础,对2008—2012年5年间涉及中国食品安全问题的2 409起通报进行分析。研究发现:作为欧盟食品的重要供给国,中国食品占RASFF通报数量的比例也非常高,2008—2012年,中国食品在全部被通报数量的比例达到14.47%;从通报中国食品的国别看,意大利、德国和英国位列前3名;从被通报的食品类别看,食物接触材料、坚果及种子类和谷类、烘焙食品类位居前列;从食品风险因素看,有害物质迁移、霉菌毒素、重金属迁移等是中国出口欧盟食品安全的主要风险源。     

我国工业化粮食食品发展探讨

本文侧重于进入主食领域的、经过一定规模工业化加工的粮食食品,回顾了它的悠久历史,分析了现状及影响消费趋势的各种因素,最后对中国工业化粮食食品沿科学化、多样化和方便化道路发展的前景提出了设想。     

食品安全的科学内涵分析与可持续控制体系的建设

从3个角度分析食品安全的科学内涵构成即食品的质量安全、营养平衡与可持续供给安全(数量安全),认为该构成具有一定的阶段性、时代性和发展性。同时对食品安全可持续控制体系从以下6个方面提出体系完善和控制的建议:(1)食品安全的质量标准和法律法规建设;(2)完善食品的源头生产、流通、加工和销售控制体系;(3)完善食品市场准入、标识、追踪和召回制度;(4)独立的质量监督与检测体系;(5)消费者的科学消费和媒体的正面宣传引导;(6)关注农村与城市社区食品安全建设。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法在食品真菌毒素检测中应用的研究进展

真菌毒素是一类由产毒丝状真菌产生的有毒次生代谢产物,能诱发人畜各种生理损害,是世界各地食品和农产品的主要污染物之一。建立高效的真菌毒素分析方法将有效降低真菌毒素的暴露风险,复杂基质中多种真菌毒素的联合提取净化和检测是建立这类分析技术的前提保证。Qu ECh ERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe)方法具有简单、快速、回收率高、试剂用量少、安全等优点,适用于大批量样品的检测。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)可同时用于定性和定量分析,具有检出限低、灵敏度高等优点。本文根据Qu ECh ERS前处理技术的特点,结合样品真菌毒素的理化性质和污染特点,对Qu ECh ERS-UPLC-MS/MS技术在真菌毒素分析中的应用做了简要综述。     

自热菜肴竹笋鸡肉的品质变化及货架期预测

为探究自热菜肴贮藏过程中品质变化并对其货架期进行预测,该研究以自热菜肴竹笋鸡肉为研究对象,以色泽、质构、酸价、过氧化值和丙二醛为评价指标,利用恒温加速破坏性实验,研究了不同贮藏温度下（52、62 ℃）自热菜肴竹笋鸡肉品质的变化,并预测出竹笋鸡肉的货架期。结果表明贮藏温度越高,自热菜肴竹笋鸡肉品质劣变越快;在贮藏温度62 ℃下,贮藏84 d和0 d相比,竹笋根部硬度值和竹笋尖部硬度值降幅分别为74.50%和70.31%;在贮藏温度为52 ℃下,贮藏112 d和0 d相比,竹笋根部和尖部硬度值降幅分别为67.37%和60.87%;52 ℃贮藏条件下竹笋鸡肉的感官评分在112 d降至62.6分,贮藏温度为62 ℃在84 d为52.8分;总体上自热菜肴竹笋鸡肉在贮藏前期各类指标变化较快,随着贮藏时间的进一步延长其各项指标变化变缓。根据贮藏期间测定指标与感官评分之间相关关系,并通过货架期预测模型得出25 ℃下的货架期为714 d。     

A Comparative Study of the Use of Visual Communicative Signals in Interactions Between Dogs (Canis familiaris) and Humans and Cats (Felis catus) and Humans.

Dogs' (Canis familiaris) and cats' (Felis catus) interspecific communicative behavior toward humans was investigated. In Experiment 1, the ability of dogs and cats to use human pointing gestures in an object-choice task was compared using 4 types of pointing cues differing in distance between the signaled object and the end of the fingertip and in visibility duration of the given signal. Using these gestures, both dogs and cats were able to find the hidden food; there was no significant difference in their performance. In Experiment 2, the hidden food was made inaccessible to the subjects to determine whether they could indicate the place of the hidden food to a naive owner. Cats lacked some components of attention-getting behavior compared with dogs. The results suggest that individual familiarization with pointing gestures ensures high-level performance in the presence of such gestures; however, species-specific differences could cause differences in signaling toward the human. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

自主式教学方法在食品专业英语教学中的应用

对目前食品专业英语教学中存在的问题进行了分析,并在此基础上,结合自身教学经验,提出了以自主式教学方法应用于食品专业英语教学中,建立合适的激励评价机制,这些措施有效的提高了学生学习的积极性,教学效果良好。     

食品中病原菌检测技术研究进展

介绍了许多食品安全检测新技术和新方法,包括生化检测技术、免疫学技术、PCR检测技术、生物芯片技术、传感器技术、流式细胞术和基因探针技术,并且阐述了食品安全检测技术的发展趋势,这些技术的发展将会在食品卫生检验方面起到越来越重要的作用,最终将达到预防肠道传染病和食物中毒发生的目的。     

Antibiofilm effects of pomegranate peel extracts against B. cereus,B. subtilis,and E. faecalis

In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts (PPLs) prepared by 10 g of pomegranate peels (PPL10) and 100 mL of different solvents (ethanol, methanol, and their acid combinations, and water) were investigated as sources of bioactive compounds against food-related bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were measured by using agar well diffusion assay. The acid-treated extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (31–34 mm). The biofilm formations were assessed by using a microplate reader (570 nm) after crystal violet staining. The prevention and removal of bacterial biofilms were also evaluated by using extracts prepared by 5 g of initial pomegranate peel (PPL5) with the different solvents or 200 ppm chlorine solution. All PPL5 and PPL10 extracts diluted at different ratios inhibited and removed biofilms, and the highest antibiofilm effects were up to 80% by acid-treated extracts. In addition, PPL5s and PPL10s were as effective as or more effective than chlorine for the prevention of biofilms. Therefore, from an economical perspective the PPL5s could represent promising candidates as natural antibiofilm agents for food industry.     

Safety assessment of paper and board food packaging: Chemical analysis and genotoxicity of possible contaminants in packaging

In order to identify potential genotoxicant(s) in recycled paperboard, samples were fractionated using multiple liquid/liquid extraction, and gel permeation chromatography, and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The rec-assay was used as an indicator of genotoxicity. Genotoxicants in the recycled paperboard were identified as dehydroabietic acid (DHA) and abietic acid (AA). DHA and AA were detected in two out of five virgin products, and in all seven recycled products for food-contact use. Total amounts of DHA and AA were 240 and 990 µg/g in the virgin products and 200-990 µg/g in the recycled products. A good correlation was observed in the total amount of DHA and AA content determined in paper products and DNA-damaging activity. Moreover, genotoxic effects in paper products showed a good match with standard compounds, indicating that the genotoxic effects of these paper products was mostly attributable to DHA and AA.