热加工食品中呋喃形成机制、动力学及减控方法研究进展

呋喃是热加工食品中普遍存在的一类物质,国际癌症研究机构将其归类为"2B"组致癌物质,会损伤肝、肾等器官的功能,研究食品中呋喃形成机制及消减技术成为食品安全的热点课题之一.文章简要介绍了呋喃的理化性质、危害评价,综述了热加工食品中呋喃形成机制、不同食品模拟体系构建及呋喃形成动力学模型、呋喃的消减技术方法,基于我国特色食品...     

测试片法在食品菌落总数检测中的应用研究

目的 探究菌落总数测试片法检测食品中菌落总数的可行性.方法 用菌落总数测试片法和国家标准方法同时对制备的菌悬液、自然污染食品样品和人工污染食品样品的菌落总数进行检测,采用t-检验分析2种方法检测结果的差异,采用Pearson相关分析确定2种检测方法之间的相关性.结果 菌悬液和自然污染食品样品菌落总数测试片法的变异系数为...     

Possible Role of GnIH as a Novel Link between Hyperphagia-Induced Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements and Hypogonadism in Male Mice

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a reproductive inhibitor and an endogenous orexigenic neuropeptide that may be involved in energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, whether GnIH is a molecular signal link of metabolism and the reproductive system, and thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GnIH in glycolipid metabolism and reproduction in vivo, and in the coupling between these two processes in the testis level. Our results showed that chronic intraperitoneal injection of GnIH into male mice not only increased food intake and altered meal microstructure but also significantly elevated body mass due to the increased mass of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), despite the loss of testicular weight. Furthermore, chronic intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to male mice resulted in obesity-related glycolipid metabolic derangements, showing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance through changes in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the pancreas and eWAT, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of GnIH and GPR147 was markedly increased in the testis of mice under conditions of energy imbalance, such as fasting, acute hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. In addition, chronic GnIH injection markedly inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism of mice testis while significantly decreasing testosterone synthesis and sperm quality, inducing hypogonadism. These observations indicated that orexigenic GnIH triggers hyperphagia-induced obesity-related metabolic derangements and hypogonadism in male mice, suggesting that GnIH is an emerging candidate for coupling metabolism and fertility by involvement in obesity and metabolic disorder-induced reproductive dysfunction of the testes.     

络合-分光光度法测定食品级石蜡中的痕量铅

食品级石蜡中的铅与双硫腙能够生成红色络合物,采用分光光度法测定络合溶液的吸光度,建立溶液的吸光度与铅含量回归方程。实验证明,络合溶液在波长510nm处有最大吸收峰,当溶液中铅质量分数在0～10 0mg/kg内,铅含量与吸光度成良好的线性关系,检出限为0 1mg/kg。该方法适用于食品级石蜡、微晶蜡中铅的测定。     

确保粮食安全和环境可持续发展的水土资源利用

主要讨论灌溉农业所面临的挑战.随着人均可用水量的不断下降,灌溉农业必须提高水资源利用效率,同时进一步采用有利于环境的经营和管理方式.灌溉界面临的压力是如何通过提高作物产量和用水效率来实现生产率的最大化.今后的发展方向是以更加高效率、有成效的方式利用水资源,而实现从"提高每滴水的粮食产量"向"少用水,多产粮"的转变,则有助于该目标的实现.为了尽可能减小外在因素的影响,将来的努力方向是在全面性和整体性上下工夫.     

Distribution of the Amphipod Diporeia in Lake Superior: The Ring of Fire

Diporeia, formerly the dominant benthic macroinvertebrate in the Great Lakes, remains a keystone species in Lake Superior. Little is known, however, about fine scale amphipod distributions, especially as influenced by the production, transport and transformation of energy resources. Here, we document the distribution and abundance of Diporeia along 19 transects around the lake's perimeter. Regions of elevated density, averaging 958 ± 408 Diporeia/m² (mean ± S.D.) were observed along all transects, typically within slope habitat (depth of 30–125 m). Waters shoreward (shelf habitat, < 30 m) and lakeward (profundal habitat, > 125 m) of these regions supported significantly lower densities, averaging 239 ± 178/m² and 106 ± 59/m², respectively. Amphipods within regions of elevated density, termed here the Ring of Fire, account for two-thirds of the lakewide population while occupying only one-quarter of the benthic habitat. The Ring of Fire, observed lakewide as a band averaging 14.2 ± 9.4 km in width, is characterized as a region of transitional sediment deposition with gentle slope, proximate to nearshore locations of elevated primary production. Within the Ring of Fire exceptionally high densities are found in the south central region, where the Keweenaw Current and slope bathymetries serve to funnel production from adjoining regions of high production. Density measurements for the 173 stations sampled here are used to estimate lakewide Diporeia standing stock (22.5–37.7 trillion individuals, 4.4–7.4 Gg dry weight, 2.1–3.5 Gg C), individual and biomass density (274–460/m², 0.05–0.09 g DW/m², 0.03–0.04 gC/m²) and areal (0.02–0.03 g C/m²/yr) and total (1.6–2.6 Gg C/yr) production.     

中国茶叶资源在食品工业的应用现状和发展前景

为充分利用我国茶叶资源,主要介绍了我国茶树的发展历史、种茶面积、产区与产量、茶树分布、茶叶的种类、茶叶的营养成分和保健利用价值及其在食品工业中的应用现状,同时阐述了茶叶的开发前景及急需解决的一些问题和对策.     

RFID生猪管理解决方案

提出了一种牲畜管理的自动化解决方案,它将现代化养殖技术和先进的科学技术手段结合在一起,为生猪的养殖和管理提供了新的管理方法,以提高生产效率.     

粮食作物对化肥的需求分析

根据相关文献资料,综述化肥在保障我国粮食安全中的作用与贡献,分析与预测实现2010年、2015年、2020年粮食总产目标所需新增化肥的数量。根据近5年来我国粮食生产中出现的问题,指出要保障我国粮食安全,除了继续发展化肥工业,增加化肥用量之外,国家应采取其他相应措施,包括稳定粮食作物的种植面积(至少应维持在11 000万hm2水平);调整粮食价格,保护农民种粮积极性;改善农田基本生产条件,推行节水灌溉技术,促进粮食均衡增产;适度提高粮食净进口份额等等。单纯依靠增加化肥的投入,实现国内粮食供需平衡,不仅代价太大(包括资源、环境和成本代价),市场和农民也不一定能够接受。     

甲基对硫磷溶液的荧光光谱及其特性————

为了研究甲基对硫磷溶液的荧光光谱及其特性,采用多功能光谱测量系统,对甲基对硫磷标准溶液在紫外光激励下的荧光光谱特性进行了实验研究。利用GAUSSIAN软件与量子力学理论进行了理论分析,获得了其荧光光谱的产生机理以及甲基对硫磷分子的相应跃迁能级差,估算了其中直线型结构的荧光团的电子跃迁能级差,估算值与理论值误差不大。结果表明,在波长为200nm～320nm的紫外光激励下,甲基对硫磷标准溶液产生4个荧光峰,分别位于435nm,467nm,567nm,650nm,最佳激励波长为200nm和295nm。4处荧光峰分别是溶剂丙酮分子中C=O上的n电子跃迁、硝基上的n电子跃迁、甲基对硫磷分子中氧原子与苯环形成的大共轭电子结构跃迁以及P=S上的n电子跃迁共同作用产生。以上结果对食品安全监管等领域检测有机磷农药含量是有帮助的。