Harmonization of legislation and regulations to achieve food safety: US and Canada perspective

Trade in food and food ingredients among the nations of the world is rapidly expanding and, with this expansion, new supply chain partners, from globally disparate geographic regions, are being enrolled. Food and food ingredients are progressively sourced more from lesser developed nations. Food safety incidents in the USA and Canada show a high unfavorable correlation between illness outbreaks and imported foods. In the USA, for example, foodborne disease outbreaks caused by imported food appeared to rise in 2009 and 2010, and nearly half of the outbreaks, associated with imported food, implicated foods imported from areas which previously had not been associated with outbreaks. Projecting supply chains into new geographical regions raises serious questions about the capacity of the new supply chain partners to provide the requisite regulatory framework and sufficiently robust public health measures for ensuring the safety of the foods and foodstuffs offered for international trade. The laws, regulation and legislation among the many nations participating in the global food trade are, at best, inconsistent. These inconsistencies frequently give rise to trade disputes and cause large quantities of food to be at risk of destruction on the often dubious pretext that they are not safe. Food safety is often viewed through a political or normative lens. Often as not, this lens has been wrought absent scientific precision. Harmonization of food safety legislation around sound scientific principles, as advocated by the US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), would ultimately promote trade and likely provide for incremental improvement in public health. Among the priority roles of most national governments are the advancement of commerce and trade, preservation of public health and ensuring domestic tranquility. Achieving these priorities is fundamental to creating and preserving the wealth of nations. Countries such as the Netherlands, Canada, Germany, Japan and the USA, for example, have very stable governments, are leaders in trade and commerce and enjoy high standards of public health. It is not by accident or coincidence that these nations are also among the world's wealthiest. Attainment of national priorities, especially those related to promoting trade in foodstuffs and also in preserving public health (food safety), would benefit greatly from international efforts in harmonizing food safety regulations and legislation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

肉猪养殖和屠宰环节沙门菌污染状况监测分析

目的 了解开封市肉猪养殖屠宰加工过程中沙门菌的污染状况.方法 采集不同来源的养殖场猪混合粪便、成年猪肛拭子、胴体涂抹物、肠系膜淋巴结样本,共187份,按照GB 4789.4-2010进行沙门菌的分离和鉴定.结果 猪混合粪便沙门菌检出率为4.5％,肛拭子沙门菌的检出率为16.4％,胴体涂抹物沙门菌检出率为34.5％,肠系膜淋巴结沙门菌检出率为27.3％.不同季节的检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).阳性分离株分布于沙门菌的5个群,共14个血清型,以阿贡纳沙门菌和德尔卑沙门菌为主.结论 屠宰环节是沙门菌交叉污染的关键点,应采取综合措施,有效控制猪肉沙门菌污染.     

我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌毒力基因和药物敏感性研究

目的 了解我国不同地区食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌的毒力基因携带特点及其对抗生素的敏感性,为食源性食物中毒的防治提供参考依据.方法 采用PCR方法对2011年我国不同地区收集的238株食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌10种毒力基因进行检测;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其抗生素敏感性.结果 溶血素BL基因、肠毒素T基因和细孢毒素K基因是我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌的主要毒力基因,至少携带一个毒力基因的菌株达到检出菌总数的87.4％;蜡样芽孢杆菌对庆大霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明的敏感率为100％,对红霉素、四环素、氯霉素、克林霉素的敏感率分别为88.8％、90.2％、99.6％、87.1％,对氨苄西林和头孢噻肟的敏感率仅为0.4％和5.4％.结论 我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌毒力基因携带率较高,对食品安全和公共健康构成潜在的威胁;蜡样芽孢杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟的敏感性差,不应作为经验用药和预防用药.     

陕西省常见食源性致病菌耐药性研究进展

近年来食品安全问题层出不穷,而食源性致病菌则是引起食品安全问题的主要因素之一,严重危害了人类的健康.引发食源性疾病的常见致病菌主要有大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌等.研究表明,在过去的几十年里,由于在医疗、养殖业等领域中过度使用抗生素,造成细菌耐药现象日趋严重,这更加重了食源性致病菌的潜在危险...     

2015-2019年云南省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件分析

目的 分析2015-2019年云南省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特点,为制定家庭食源性疾病防控措施提供参考.方法 对2015-2019年云南省食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的家庭食源性疾病暴发事件数据进行统计分析.结果 2015-2019年云南省共报告家庭食源性疾病3 159起,发病12 402人,死亡229人,病死...     

液相芯片技术在食品安全领域的研究进展

液相芯片技术(liquid chip technology)又称为灵活的多组分析(flexible multi-analyte profiling,x MAP)技术,是利用偶联特异性探针的荧光编码微球捕获待测核酸或蛋白后,逐一、快速地通过流式细胞仪双色激光探测区,进行定性或定量检测。我国将液相芯片技术应用在食品安全领域仍处于起步阶段,主要集中在食源性致病菌、转基因食品和农兽药残留等食品安全检测方面。液相芯片技术同时检测多种待测分子,具有高通量、快速、准确、所需样品量少、检测范围宽、可自由组合检测项目等优点。本文检索了国内外的文献,简要概述液相芯片技术的发展历史和基本原理,并介绍该技术及其商品化试剂盒在食品安全和其他领域上的研究应用,最后对液相芯片技术的发展前景做出展望。     

基因芯片法与常规检测法在食源性疾病中的应用对比分析

目的对比分析基因芯片法与常规检测法在食源性疾病中的应用效果。方法收集2016年4月到2018年8月收治的诊断为食源性疾病的患者98例为研究对象,收集患者的新鲜粪便,根据检测方法不同分为对照组与观察组,观察组应用基因芯片法进行病原菌的检测,对照组则应用常规培养法进行病原菌的检测。,观察比较两组的病原菌检测阳性率和检测时间等相关指标。结果在98例患者中,观察组采用基因芯片法检测出病原菌58例(副溶血弧菌9例,痢疾杆菌32例,沙门菌10例,大肠埃希菌2例,金黄色葡萄球菌5例),病原菌检出率为58.2%。对照组采用常规培养法检测出病原菌32例(副溶血弧菌5例,痢疾杆菌19例,沙门菌4例,金黄色葡萄球菌4例),病原菌检出率为32.7%。基因芯片法和培养法对病原菌、痢疾杆菌的检出率差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组采用基因芯片法用于食源性疾病患者的病原菌检测时间明显短于常规培养法,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基因芯片技术能够快速检出食源性疾病病原菌,可以替代常规培养法对病原菌进行检测,在食源性疾病的早期诊断和治疗中具有重要的临床价值。     

基于圆形分布法的中国大陆食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌暴发事件时间分布特征分析

目的 分析2010—2020年中国大陆食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌暴发事件的季节特征,为减少食源性暴发事件的发生及针对性地开展防治措施提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2010—2020年国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统中调查确定致病因子为致泻大肠埃希氏菌的食源性疾病暴发事件监测资料,采用圆形分布法分析食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌暴发事件的季节特征和月份分布规律。结果 2010—2020年中国大陆累计报告食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌暴发事件349起,暴发事件发生高峰期为5~9月（74.50%,260/349）,事件分布存在季节聚集性,平均发病高峰时点为7月10日,平均流行高峰期为4月24日至9月25日。结论 中国大陆食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌暴发事件存在明显季节性趋势,发病高峰期在夏秋季节,需在发病高峰期来临前提早采取有效防控措施。     

Enhanced antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded liposomal nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens

This study was designed to evaluate the prolonged antimicrobial stability of nisin-loaded liposome (LipoN) nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The sizes of bare liposomes and LipoN were uniformly distributed between 114 and 125 nm. The nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in water with less than 0.2 of polydispersity index. The zeta potential value of LipoN was +17.1 mV due to the positive charged nisin, attaining 70% of loading efficiency. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LipoN against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus was 320 international unit/mL. The LipoN significantly enhanced the antimicrobial stability in brain heart infusion agar compared to free nisin. The numbers of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus exposed to LipoN were effectively reduced by more than 6 log colony-forming unit/mL after 48 and 72 h of incubation, respectively. These results provide useful information for the development of antimicrobial delivery system to improve food safety.     

2016~2019年吉林省食源性金黄色葡萄球菌监测数据分析

目的 探究2016~2019年吉林省食源性金黄色葡菌球菌污染现状。方法 采集2016~2019年吉林省9个地(市)级的餐厅、超市和零售市场等地点食品样本,共计2824件,根据GB 4789.10-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》进行测定,采用率、构成比和X2检验的方法对检出率进行统计描述和分析。结果 2016~2019共监测样本2824份,总检出率2.02%;9个地区中白城市总检出率最高（4.59%）,其次为四平市（3.82%）,白山市总检出率最低（0.51%）;13类食品中有8类食品检出金黄色葡萄球菌,分别为焙烤及油炸类食品、餐饮食品、调味品、豆制品、冷冻饮品、肉及肉制品、乳与乳制品和速冻米面食品,其中速冻米面食品中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高（9.00%）;餐饮服务环节阳性检出率为2.45%（22/898）,流通环节阳性检出率为1.87%（36/1928）;CFU(colony forming units,平板计数法)法测得金黄色葡萄球菌检出结果的中位数[四分位数间距]为5.29[2.65~7.94] CFU/g(mL),MPN(Most Probable Number,最大可能数法)法测得金黄色葡萄球菌检出结果的中位数[四分位数间距]为1.53[0.76~5.29]MPN/g(mL)。结论 2016~2019年吉林省各地市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况普遍存在,其中白城市污染相对严重,吉林省所有食品类别中,速冻米面制品污染相对严重,应给予高度重视,餐饮服务环节和流通环节还需加强监管。