A Survey on the Numerics and Computations for the Landau-Lifshitz Equation of Micromagnetism

The Landau-Lifshitz (LL)equation of micromagnetism governs rich variety of the evolution of magnetization patterns in ferromagnetic media. This is due to the complexity of physical quantities appearing in the LL equation. This complexity causes also an interesting mathematical properties of the LL equation: nonlocal character for some quantities,nonconvex side-constraints, strongly nonlinear terms. These effects influence also the numerical approximations. In this work, recent developments on the approximation of weak solutions, together with the overview of well-known methods for strong solutions,are addressed. Author is supported by the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders FWO (Belgium).     

Atomic force microscopic analysis of hydrogen peroxide bleached kraft northern black spruce fibres

Hydrogen peroxide is a potent, relatively inexpensive oxidant that chemically degrades chromophoric components in pulps and textiles. Oxidation of cellulose is a byproduct of this process step that decreases the tensile strength of individual fibres. The residence time of pulp in the bleaching reactor must be optimized to achieve the desired brightness and minimizing fibre degradation. To evaluate the impact of peroxide bleaching at the microfibrillar level, a single black spruce tree was chosen and kraft pulped. Peroxide bleaching was conducted via benchtop polyethylene bag bleaching in a temperature-controlled waterbath. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographical images acquired before and after the bleaching step show dramatic changes in fibre structure consistent with delignification and defects in the surface topography. This was further verified by X-ray work at Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, U.S.A.     

Prediction of fatigue behaviour in stress-concentrators of arbitrary geometry

A new method is outlined which aims to predict high-cycle fatigue behavior of components which fail from stress-concentrators. This involves examination of the stress field in the vicinity of the stress-concentrator, and comparison with stress fields for cracks at known stress intensities. Methods which are currently used for simple notch geometries can thus be generalised, making the approach applicable to stress concentrators of any geometry. The method of prediction is shown to be stable, providing a solution of good accuracy when compared to analytical methods for standard specimen geometries. Favourable comparisons with experimental data have been achieved both for standard notches and for a corner geometry which represents a typical component case.     

Drying of Chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) after Osmotic Dehydration with Sucrose and Glucose Solutions

Chestnuts were dehydrated by using a combined method of osmotic dehydration followed by air drying. Samples were osmotically pretreated with sucrose (60% w/w) and glucose (56% w/w) for 8 h, air-dried at temperatures of 45, 55, and 65°C, at a relative humidity of 30% and at a velocity of 2.7 m·s^-1 and the experimental data of the drying kinetics were obtained. Whole samples were dried with different peelings: (a) removal of endocarp and pericarp (peeled) and (b) additionally the internal rough surface (cut). In all cases, cut chestnuts show greater drying rates than peeled samples, indicating that a significant mass transfer resistance in the layer nearest to the surface takes place. Peeled samples pretreated with sucrose solutions behave in a similar way to untreated samples. For the rest of the samples, the cut samples osmotically treated with sucrose solutions and all the samples treated with the glucose solution, the drying rates decrease during drying. Drying kinetics are successfully modeled by employing a diffusional model that takes the shrinkage into account. The effective coefficient of water diffusion was evaluated and correlated with temperature. The quality of the final product was monitored by color change. In spite of the fact that the total color difference is not modified by the osmotic treatment, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates of cut samples treated with sucrose and glucose solutions do undergo changes; the L* and a* coordinates change less than the b*.     

Fault diagnosis as an aid to process machine reliability

Identification of the reasons for failures of process plant machines is the first step in obtaining increased reliability. Weibull analysis of the service life obtained from maintenance records requires a minimum of only five incidents and provides an insight into the failure mechanism. Two examples are given where Weibull analysis of maintenance records helped identify the cause of failure and was instrumental in achieving enhanced reliability of process plant machines.     

基于微机的X射线分析自动测量系统

本文介绍了一个基于微机的X射线分析自动测量系统。该系统有三个基本功能:自动获取数据、自动换样和处理谱数据。     

Dynamic analysis of the NPP pressure sensor system

The aim of the work was to develop on-line methods of control and diagnostics of pressure sensors at a NPP. The analysis was carried out along two lines:

1. i) The detection system including the sensor itself was modeled theoretically to obtain and study its transfer function, and to establish correspondence between the spectral characteristics of the pressure signal.

2. ii) The numerical processing of the signal using the AR technique to reconstruct the transfer function and evaluate the system's response, to a step impulse, as well as the spectral analysis. The hydraulic model presented indicate that the spectral lines observed at 10 Hz are due to longitu-dinal oscillations of water in the system branches, while the response time of the detection system is effectively the time of signal retardation in the porous ceramic diaphragms of the δ-cell of the sensor itself.

     

岩石样品中铷的中子活化分析

研究了苦味酸溶液的ｐＨ变化对用１８－Ｃ－６（１８Ｃ６）的硝基苯溶液定量萃取Ｒｂ的影响及１８Ｃ６浓度变化对定量萃取Ｒｂ的影响，确定了定量反萃Ｒｂ的实验条件。作出了磷酸锆无机离子交换柱上的Ｒｂ－Ｃｓ分离曲线。测定了岩石样品的微量Ｒｂ和痕量＾８４Ｒｂ。     

Action semantics-directed prototyping

We present a methodology for compiler synthesis based on Mosses-Watt's action semantics. Each action in action semantics notation is assigned specific “analysis functions”, such as a typing function and a binding-time function. When a language is given an action semantics, the typing and binding-time functions for the individual actions compose into typing and binding-time analyses for the language; these are implemented as the type checker and static semantics processor, respectively, in the synthesized compiler. Other analyses can be similarly formalized and implemented. We show a sample language semantics and its synthesized compiler, and we describe the compiler synthesizer that we have developed.     

未知钍—铀比的误差分析

研究了在任意Th、U含量和Th-U比覆盖整个范围(即0≤Th/U≤∝)时总α计数率对年剂量的转换因子及其误差。结果表明,当不测定Th-U比而只测量总α计数率时,最终引起的年龄误差对0≤Th/U≤∝来说为±5.1％-±8.3％,对1.1≤Th/U≤9.5来说只有±2.5％％-±4.1％。