铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化还原性能的研究

在复合半导体基础上，采用超声浸渍法对催化剂表面作进一步铜改性，制备了铜锡改性的纳米二氧化钛光催化剂CuOx-SnO2／TiO2，考察了表面铜改性、二氧化锡复合对催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的影响．结果表明，表面铜改性和复合都有利于提高催化剂光催化氧化还原能力，二者间表现出相互增强的作用．结合XRD、XPS、TEM等催化剂表征结果，对铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光激发机制进行了讨论，提出了二氧化碳光催化还原的可能机制．     

室内环境中甲醛的产生及其主要危害

甲醛是造成室内环境污染的主要原因之一,降低甲醛的污染对于提高室内环境质量有具有重要意义。本文从介绍甲醛本身的性质以及产生甲醛的物质源入手,全面分析了室内甲醛浓度影响因素及释放规律,为采用正确的方法防治甲醛污染提供了参考。     

3D Gold‐Modified Cerium and Cobalt Oxide Catalyst on a Graphene Aerogel for Highly Efficient Catalytic Formaldehyde Oxidation

A hard template method is used to prepare porous gold‐doped cerium and cobalt oxide (Au‐Ce_xCo_y) materials. A series of 3D Au‐Ce _xCo_y/graphene aerogel (GA) composites is then fabricated by a facile heating method. The obtained catalysts possess a well‐defined structure of ordered arrays of nanotubes and good performance in formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. The composition and surface elemental valence states of the catalysts are modulated by the Ce/Co molar ratio. The Au‐Ce_xCo_y catalyst and graphene oxide sheets are well compounded within 60 s through a diamine cross‐linker to form 3D Au‐Ce_xCo_y/GA composites. In addition, the resulting catalyst of 3 wt% Au‐Ce₃Co/GA achieves ≈55% conversion at room temperature and 100% conversion when the reaction temperature is raised at 60 °C. The synergistic effect between CeO₂ and Co₃O₄ promotes the migration of oxygen species and the activation of Au, which facilitates HCHO oxidation. The method used to prepare the 3D catalyst could be used to produce other catalytic materials with good replication of the template. In addition, these findings provide a simple method for rapid fabrication of catalyst/GA composites. The superior activity and stability of the 3D Au‐Ce₃Co/GA catalyst make it potentially applicable in HCHO removal.     

以化学计量学方法研究聚氨葡糖膜自动采集微量甲醛气的红外光谱与吸附量的定量关系

用聚氨葡糖膜被动采集微量甲醛气体和高灵敏红外光谱分析仪,检测其中气体的光谱.再用多元散射校正(MSC)法,校正因膜厚薄不均导致光程异常,以了解光谱与甲醛吸附量(从10μg～105.2μg)与不同波数的关系.再用偏最小二乘(PIS)-去-交互检验法,在相关性好的光谱区间建模.结果表明:根据不M波数的关系,了解与甲醛含量变化密切相关的光谱区间,与聚氨葡糖膜的红外吸收谱带相对应.含有氨基吸收游峰特征区间 315 cm-1 632 cm-1建模优势明显,当隐变量为6时,最小预测误差为6.44 μg,相关系数为0.9847.利用聚氨葡糖膜吸附甲醛气体的特性,建立的甲醛自动采样技术,有效采集微量甲醛样品,测定聚氨葡糖膜的红外光谱,了解甲醛浓度的变化,为快速测量室内微量甲醛气体奠定了基础.     

锗苯与甲醛和二苯甲酮的Diels-Alder反应的计算研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平对锗苯与甲醛和二苯甲酮的Diels-Alder反应的微观机理、势能剖面、取代基效应及溶剂化效应进行了理论计算。结果,所研究的反应均为协同的基元反应,形成Ge-O键的反应中,形成2个新键较大不同步,其它反应的不同步性相对较小。羰基碳原子上的苯基取代基于反应不利,而锗苯分子中锗原子上的C(CH_3)_3与CCl_3取代基则有利。在热力学和动力学上,有锗参与的反应均远比无锗的反应容易,而形成Ge-O键的反应比形成Ge-C键的反应容易,结果与实验一致。四氢呋喃溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响较小。4个形成Ge-O键的反应在四氢呋喃溶剂中进行时,其活化能垒分别为38.03、89.75、29.92和29.87 kJ·mol~(-1)。     

Impacts of interfacial interaction on properties of melamine formaldehyde microsphere/rubber: I. filler dispersion and curing dynamic

Melamine formaldehyde microsphere (MF) was incorporated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), respectively. The interaction between MF and rubber and effects of interfacial interaction on the dispersion of filler in rubber matrix, dynamic mechanical analysis, vulcanisation characteristics and kinetics were studied. The results showed that MF interacted with NBR through hydrogen bonds while there had no observed interaction between MF and SBR. The parameter b of MF/NBR calculated by the ratio of modulus and strains increased significantly, which demonstrated further the strong interaction between MF and NBR. For MF/SBR system, however, the parameter b changed slightly with little polymer–filler interaction. The Scanning Electron Microscope images released that strong polymer–filler interaction caused the uniform dispersion of MF in NBR matrix. The vulcanisation of MF/rubber was fitted by Ghoreishy’s model, and the addition of MF increased the rate of curing, shear modulus of compound and activity energy.     

Unique Necklace‐Like Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Nanofibers: Scalable Templating Synthesis,Casting Films,and Their Superhydrophobic Property

1D necklace‐like nanostructures have exhibited different potential applications due to their unique geometry and property. However, their macroscopic and controllable synthesis has been a challenge. Herein, a facile and scalable template‐directed hydrothermal process is reported to synthesize a series of necklace‐like phenol‐formaldehyde resin (PFR) wrapped nanocables. The 1D templates involved in the synthesis can be various, such as tellurium nanowires (TeNWs), silver nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. After removal of the TeNWs template, pure PFR necklace‐like nanofibers with different morphologies can be prepared. Owning to their multiscale roughness and formed 3D network structures, such necklace‐like PFR nanofibers can be further used as building blocks for constructing robust superhydrophobic coatings with excellent mechanical properties on various substrates.     

Recovery of purified radiocesium from acidic solution using ammonium molybdophosphate and resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin

Separation of Cs⁺ from acidic solution was investigated using ammonium molybdo- phosphate (AMP) based sorbents. Four sorbents including two AMP powders and two composites prepared by coating of AMP powder on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads were used in this study. Equilibrium sorption isotherms for Cs⁺ on AMP sorbents were determined. The effect of H⁺ concentration on Cs⁺ uptake by AMP–PMMA beads was examined. Two column runs were carried out to establish the Cs⁺ separation performance of AMP–PMMA beads from 1.0 M nitric acid having Cs⁺ concentration equivalent to 10 Ci of ¹³⁷Cs per litre. Recovery of Cs⁺ from loaded AMP–PMMA column was carried out by dissolution of AMP using NaOH solution. The feasibility of ion exchange purification of the recovered Cs⁺ solution was examined using resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin (RFPR). The Cs⁺ sorption isotherm on RFPR from Cs-bearing dissolved AMP solution was determined. Purification of Cs⁺ from dissolved AMP solution was studied in two column runs using RFPR in loading-elution cycles. The results of these studies are useful in formulating a scheme for the recovery of purified ¹³⁷Cs product from high level waste for large-scale utilization as a radiation source in industrial irradiators.     

Fracture Toughness of Phenol Formaldehyde Composites: Pilot Study

A commercial phenol formaldehyde based resole thermosetting resin (Hexion “J2027L”) was filled with ceramic-based fillers (Envirospheres “slg”) to increase its strength and fracture toughness. By testing viscosity, strength, and fracture toughness at a range of filler addition levels, the optimal addition level of SLG was able to be determined in terms of workability, cost, and performance. It was found that the fracture toughness of this resin could be significantly increased through the addition of the slg filler. The results show that composite with 20% by weight of the slg produces the best balance between ease of casting and impact performance.     

半胱氨酸对香菇甲醛含量控制及控制机理

利用一定浓度的半胱氨酸溶液处理鲜香菇,香菇甲醛含量有所降低;经过半胱氨酸处理的鲜香菇在干燥后,甲醛含量也明显低于对照组,达到日本和欧盟规定的63mg/kg以下;在保鲜过程中,经过半胱氨酸处理的鲜香菇不但保鲜期延长,而且也明显抑制甲醛的产生。