The relative effects of transection of the gustatory branches of the seventh and ninth cranial nerves on NaCl taste detection in rats.

Chorda tympani nerve (CT) transection in rats severely impairs NaCl taste detection. These rats can detect higher concentrations of NaCl, however, suggesting that remaining oral nerves maintain some salt sensibility. Rats were tested in a gustometer with a 2-response operant taste-detection task before and after sham surgery (n = 5), combined transection of the CT and the greater superficial petrosal nerves (GSP; 7x, n = 6), or transection of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GL; 9x, n = 4). Thresholds did not significantly change after sham surgery. Although the GL responds to NaCl and innervates nearly 60% of total taste buds, 9x surgery had no effect. However, 7x surgery increased NaCl detection threshold by ～2.5 log?? units, greater than that reported for CT transection alone. These results suggest that the GSP contributes to NaCl sensitivity in rats and also demonstrate that the GL and perhaps the superior laryngeal and lingual nerve proper can maintain some NaCl detectability at high concentrations. These findings confirm the primacy of the 7th nerve relative to the 9th nerve in sensibility of NaCl in the rat model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

新区采油速度与稳产时间、递减率变化关系研究

针对新区稳产时间以及递减期递减余率大小难以确定等问题,通过对中原油田61个独立小区块进行分析对比,得出采油速度与稳产时间,不同采油速度下无因次采油速度与时间关系曲线,对于新区开发预测稳产时间以及预测递减期产量变化有着重要意义.     

A complete VARMA modelling methodology based on scalar components

Abstract. This article proposes an extension to scalar component methodology for the identification and estimation of VARMA models. The complete methodology determines the exact positions of all free parameters in any VARMA model with a predetermined embedded scalar component structure. This leads to an exactly identified system of equations that is estimated using full information maximum likelihood.     

樊口大闸加固工程中的爆破振动分析

在考闸墩上爆破开挖出新的闸门槽，在新浇混凝土附近进行底板爆破开挖，爆破振动对闸墩和新浇混凝土的影响值得重视；介绍了在樊口大闸加固工程中的爆破振动观测成果，并对爆破振动特性进行了分析。     

Upper-bound analysis of the pressure-assisted injection forging of thick-walled tubular components with hollow flanges

An upper-bound analysis of the pressure-assisted injection forging (PAIF) of thick-walled tubular components with hollow flanges was conducted to predict the maximum forming-pressure requirements. The polymeric pressurizing material and the pure aluminium work material employed were assumed to obey the von-Mises’ yield criterion, the two materials being divided into three and six zones, respectively, and described using kinematically admissible velocity fields. An upper-bound solution was derived based on this model. Experiments were conducted to validate the solution. The results suggest that the upper-bound analysis has sufficient accuracy for the prediction of the forming-pressure requirements. Subsequently, a parametric analysis was conducted to study the effects of variation of the principal parameters of the process and the geometry, such as tube thicknesses, flange dimensions and friction, on the forming-force requirements, which showed other useful applications of the upper-bound solutions.     

GC–MS characterization of oligomers in polyadipates used as plasticizers for PVC in food contact

Fourteen commercial polyadipates and a polysebacate were analysed for their components of a molecular mass below 1000 Da, primarily with the aim of generating the background data for measuring the migration of this type of polymeric additives from plasticized PVC (e.g. cling films and gaskets of lids) into foods or food simulants. Since the composition of the material <1000 Da varies between the polyadipates, the main components must be identified to enable a correct quantification. Polyadipates differ in the diol used as linker, their termination (acid or alcohol) and in the end‐capping (free alcohols, acetylation, acylation with fatty acids, esterification with octanol/decanol). Gas chromatography (GC) provides good separation, but the material remaining in the column up to high temperatures decomposes and forms a hump in the rear part of the chromatogram. Examples of mass spectra are shown, the most indicative fragments pointed out and spectra of 159 components listed. The polyadipates and the sebacate are characterized by their structure, the main components <1000 Da and the fraction of material <1000 Da. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An efficient method for developing requirement specifications for plant control software using a component-based software prototype

This paper proposes an efficient method to develop requirement specifications for Plant Control Software (PCSW) using software-component-based prototypes. Prior to this proposal, domain analyses were conducted on existing PCSWs, and their functions were classified into “similar functions” and “individual functions”. Then PCSW Software Components (PSC: PCSW Software Component, PSCs: PCSW Software Components) were developed to correspond to these functions. PSCs as parameter-style components were developed in order to satisfy the clients’ (we define clients as owners, managers and operators of plants) requirements. A support environment for developing requirement specifications was developed. The environment consists of the Prototype Development Tool (PDT), the Behavior Check Simulator (BCS) and the Requirement Specification Development Tool (RSDT). The method consists of four steps. In the first step, PDT is used to define the parameters to customize PSCs and to compose a PCSW prototype by setting these parameters to PSCs. In the second step, BCS is used to execute the composed PCSW prototype and check its behavior and relevancy against the clients’ expectations. In the third step, steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the behavior of the PCSW prototype satisfies the clients’ requirements. Finally, a requirement specification is developed from the PCSW prototype which fully reflects the clients’ requirements. In order to evaluate the proposed method, it has been applied in five development cases. A Requirement Coverage of 91%, a Requirement Revision Rate of 6%, a PSC Reuse Rate of 92% and a LOC Reuse Rate of 83% have been achieved. In addition, a reduction of 55% in the amount of time required to develop requirement specifications has been achieved. These results indicate that the proposed method has sufficient capability to develop an exhaustive and an adequate PCSW requirement specification. And the developed PSCs have sufficient functions and capability to compose PCSW prototypes, and the support environment is capable of shortening the time taken to develop requirement specifications.     

卷边槽钢压杆考虑板组约束作用的屈曲系数

卷边槽钢压杆的局部屈曲具有相关性。《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002)提出适用于各种不同截面的板组约束系数的统一计算公式来考虑这种相关性。但由于板组组成的多样性,其是否合理,有待于进一步研究。借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,对卷边槽钢压杆局部屈曲进行分析,得到考虑板组约束作用的屈曲系数,并和国内外规范进行比较。结果表明,计算结果和英国规范吻合较好,我国规范偏于安全较多。借鉴英国规范的形式,给出考虑板组约束作用的屈曲系数的计算公式,这些公式可供进一步修订规范时参考。     

Air entrainment in fresh concrete with PFA

The results of a study into the influence of PFA on air entrainment in fresh concrete are discussed It is shown that the required dosage of AEA to produce an air content of 5.5 ± 0.5% in a PFA modified concrete mix is two-six times that required in the corresponding neat OPC concrete mix. The dosage of a vinsol based air entraining agent (AEA) required appears to be directly related to the PFA content of the mix. Similar direct relationships were obtained with a range of different PFAs. The dosage of an AEA based on the salt of a fatty acid appears to be sensitive to both PFA and OPC contents. For the type of PFA used, the variability of measured air content or the amount of air retained after continued agitation both indicated that vinsol based AEAs show the highest variability whilst fatty acid based AEAs show low variability. The between batch variability of air content was significantly improved by the addition of PFA regardless of the AEA used.     

福禄宫“蝼蜂窠”制作技术初探

福禄宫位于湖南长沙市城西区,始建于清代光绪年间。解放后,福禄宫因未及时修理维护,朽损情况严重,1983年底被拆毁。通过对残留木制装修构件拼凑,推算出该建筑的蝼蜂窠部分测绘图。福禄宫蝼蜂窠类似于北方斗栱中的平身科,是一种装饰性构件。福禄宫的昂嘴采用翼龙飞凤交错排列的形式,部分昂嘴端部另加雕饰花板。蝼蜂窠采用层层叠置出踩的形式,其表面只施以桐油或光油等透明涂料,未施其它色漆及彩绘。