Effectiveness of cardenolides as feeding deterrents toPeromyscus mice

I compared the feeding responses of five species ofPeromyscus mice (aztecus, polionotus, melanotis, leucopus, andmaniculatus) to three bitter-tasting cardenolides (ouabain, digoxin, and digitoxin) that differ greatly in lipophilic character.Peromyscus, like other muroid rodents, are unusual in that they can ingest relatively large amounts of cardenolides without adverse physiologic effects. In experiment 1, I determined avoidance thresholds for the three cardenolides with 48 hr, two-choice tests. Mice exhibited large interspecific differences in avoidance threshold, and the interspecific ranking of the thresholds (maniculatus=leucopus >melanotis >polionotus >aztecus) was the same for each of the cardenolides. In experiment 2, I reevaluated the avoidance thresholds, but this time monitored the pattern of intake (i.e., bout lengths) during initial feeding encounters with cardenolidelaced diets. For each cardenolide, mice were subjected to three tests. In test 1, they received a control diet; in test 2, a diet containing the cardenolide at a concentration 1 log, unit below the avoidance threshold (as determined in experiment 1); and in test 3, a diet containing the cardenolide at the avoidance threshold concentration. Results were similar across all species and cardenolide types: Bout lengths in tests 1 and 2 were statistically equal, whereas those in test 3 were significantly shorter than those in test 1. The rapid rejection of cardenolide-laced diets in test 3 is consistent with a preingestive (i.e., gustatory) mechanism underlying the avoidance thresholds. I conclude (1) thatPeromyscus species differ substantially in taste sensitivity to cardenolides and that these differences may influence each species' respective ability to eat cardenolide-laced insects; and (2) that a species' relative taste sensitivity to one cardenolide predicts its sensitivity to other cardenolides.     

湿浸法制备活性组分非均匀分布负载型催化剂过程的计算机模拟

对活性组分非均匀分布的负载型催化剂的湿浸法制备过程进行了计算机模拟,其模拟程度可适用于任意多个活性组分的浸渍。发现单组分浸渍时,通过控制浸渍时间可获得活性组分由薄到厚的蛋壳型分布和均匀分布,但通过预浸渍吸附至一定分布后,再在空白溶液中浸渍洗脱,控制洗脱条件也可获得蛋黄、蛋白型的分布;加入竞争吸附剂,进行双组分及多组分浸渍,通过控制浸渍溶液性质及浸渍时间可获得各种类型的活性组分分布,诸如蛋壳型、蛋白型、蛋黄型和均匀型。通过对制备过程参数(如竞争吸附剂的选择、各组分有效扩散系数、初始浓度、吸脱附速率常数等)与活性组分分布形式之间关系的分析,可实现对任一分布形式的催化剂的制备过程参数的优化。这对实际制备催化剂具有指导意义。     

Evaluation of the bitter taste in virgin olive oil

An analytical method has been developed to evaluate the intensity of the bitter taste in virgin olive oil. Results from the proposed method, based on extraction of the bitter constituents of virgin olive oil with methanol/water and measurement of the absorbance at 225 nm, show a significant correlation with the intensity of bitterness that had been evaluated in a sensorial manner by a panel. The developed method, therefore, offers a real alternative to the panel test for the evaluation of this attribute.     

传感器用双组分加成型硅凝胶的研究

以聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷为基胶、含氢硅油为交联剂、氯铂酸配合物为催化剂、含乙烯基的MQ树脂为补强填料、含环氧基的硅氧烷为增粘剂 ,配制加成型双组分硅凝胶 ;研究了聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷基胶摩尔质量、交联剂的用量、催化剂的用量、MQ树脂的用量、增粘剂的用量等对硅凝胶性能的影响。结果表明 :选用粘度为 12 0 0～ 15 0 0mPa·s的基胶 ,按基胶质量计交联剂用量为 3 5 %～ 4 0 % ,MQ树脂用量为 6 0 %～ 8 0 % ,增粘剂用量为 0 9% ,铂催化剂用量 60× 10 - 6 ,可制得外观无色透明 ,硫化时间 3～ 6h、针入度大于 10 0的硅凝胶     

基于预测误差差值扩展的彩色图像可擦除水印

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像,提出一种基于预测误差差值扩展的彩色图像可擦除水印算法。该算法将更小的差值扩展量分散到2个色彩分量中,同时用直方图修改法嵌入辅助信息,嵌入点由不可扩展差值的数量自适地确定。水印信号和嵌入位置由密钥决定,双密钥机制使水印更加安全。实验表明,该方法嵌入的水印不可见性好,在擦除水印后能无损地恢复原始图像。     

玫瑰香精油化学成分分析

应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)方法,定性定量地分析了山东平阴玫瑰精油、新疆玫瑰精油、北京妙峰山玫瑰精油和保加利亚玫瑰精油的化学成分,各鉴定了29、37、23和24个成分.它们的主要成分均为香茅醇及其脂类、香叶醇、芳樟醇、玫瑰醚和丁香酚,其中北京妙峰山玫瑰油与其他油品有较大差异.各种香精物质含量上的差异使得这几种玫瑰油的香气产生了微妙的出入.详细地讨论了这4种玫瑰油的化学成分与香气间的关系,指出国内玫瑰油的不足之处,为提升我国玫瑰精油的品质提供借鉴和依据.     

固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用快速测定鲜奶中的三聚氰胺

采用固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定鲜奶样品中的三聚氰胺。固相萃取柱为Strata-X-C,液相色谱柱Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C8（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈：0.01 mol/L辛烷磺酸钠—柠檬酸缓冲溶液（10：90,V：V）,检测波长为238 nm。三聚氰胺峰的保留时间为8.25 min。三聚氰胺在1.0-50μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系（R=0.997）,在添加量为30,60,90 mg/kg时,三聚氰胺标准加入回收率为90.40%-91.10%,RSD为1.14%-1.88%。方法检出限为0.1 mg/kg。     

可量测实景影像在城市部件管理中的应用

介绍了移动测量系统采集的可量测实景影像在城市部件管理中的应用,通过对城市立面街景影像与部件地图、属性关联技术,利用实景影像对部件量测技术,提出了一种集成地图、部件属性库和多角度影像的城市部件管理新手段．     

一种自适应入位固持装置及试验研究

为解决飞机数字化装配中难以对机身大部件增加辅助固持并保持大部件位姿不变的技术难题,提出一种基于气浮和万向球座的大部件位姿跟随固持方法,并设计制造称之为随动定位器的专用柔性工装.结合某工程,进行定位器关键参数的分析计算和相关工艺试验研究,并对油压波动、相关零件磨损对锁紧力的影响以及芯轴自由端关键参数选择与入位可靠性问题进行了研究.结果表明,在芯轴角度偏差较小时,随动定位器可以在确保大部件位姿不被破坏的情况下,实现芯轴的小阻力自适应入位,并可以根据选定的工作油压和配合间隙可靠固持大部件,其性能可以满足工程要求.     

玻璃钢管在核电站淡水输水工程中的应用

本文阐述了玻璃钢管在淡水输水工程中球墨铸铁管相比有比较明显的技术及经济优势，以及安装施工中应重视的几个问题。