超高氧高阻隔膜气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜品质的影响

高氧气调包装是近年来研究较多的气调包装方式之一.研究了在不同储藏温度（4,15,25℃）下,高阻隔膜超高氧气调包装的鲜切胡萝卜品质变化规律（对照空气包装）.结果表明,超高氧气调包装显著增加了鲜切胡萝卜的失重率、呼吸强度,同时加速了维生素C、总胡萝卜素含量的损失,但能提高多酚类物质含量.总之,高阻隔膜超氧气调包装不能有效地维持鲜切胡萝卜的品质.     

甘薯荧光碳点的合成及其对Fe3+的灵敏检测

以甘薯为碳源,采用水热法制备了蓝色荧光水溶性碳点(CDs),并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱法对该碳点的性质进行了研究.研究结果显示,碳点溶液具有良好的稳定性,CDs表面存在羟基、羧基等亲水性官能团.碳点的最大激发波长和发射波长分别为390 nm和486 nm,且碳点具有典型的激发波长依赖性.考察pH对CDs荧光强度的影响显示,CDs荧光强度在pH为2.0～6.8范围内无明显变化.基于Fe³⁺能够选择性地猝灭CDs荧光的特性,建立了一种利用CDs检测实际水样品中Fe³⁺的方法.该方法的线性范围为10～1 670 μmol/L,相关系数(R²)为0.994 4,检出限为5.64 μmol/L; 在加标样品中, Fe³⁺的加标回收率为94%～104%, RSD <2.4%.     

甘薯叶研究进展

综述了近年来人们对甘薯叶的化学成分分析 ,提取物医疗保健作用等方面的研究进展 ,并就甘薯叶的研究方向提出了自己的看法 .     

非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉改性研究

将非晶颗粒态淀粉和原淀粉在阴离子、阳离子、醋酸酯及羟丙基醚化剂条件下进行淀粉改性反应,取代度随醚化剂量的改变而改变,但由于整个颗粒处于非晶状态,导致非晶淀粉取代度和原淀粉相比有不同程度的提高,对羧甲基化,取代度平均提高9.15%,最高达10.72%,对阳离子化来说,取代度平均提高9.65%,最高达13.18%,对醋酸酯化,取代度平均提高47.49%,最高达64.82%,对羟丙基化,取代度平均提高22.78%,最高达27.48%.     

弱酸性电解水用于提升鲜切马铃薯安全品质的研究

目的 探究弱酸性电解水和自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏条件下不同时间段内品质的变化。方法 模拟现代厨房贮存模式,经弱酸性电解水和自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温(25±0.5)℃贮藏环境下,贮藏0、7、14、21、28、35h时,检测其感官、色度、质构、淀粉、蛋白质、钾、维生素C、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌、酵母菌。结果 经弱酸性电解水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏21 h内,经自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏14 h内,感官正常,其营养成分淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C、钾元素下降较少,金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、霉菌、酵母菌的含量均在国家标准和团体标准许可的安全范围内,可安全食用。结论 弱酸性电解水可显著提升鲜切马铃薯的贮藏品质,抑制其金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、霉菌、酵母菌繁殖,延长室温贮藏期。     

利用马铃薯生产燃料乙醇的可行性分析

探讨马铃薯生产燃料乙醇对解决我国面临的能源危机、三农问题、粮食安全和环境问题上的作用,以及其在可持续发展和循环经济中的地位,认为利用马铃薯生产燃料乙醇能兼顾粮食安全和能源安全,具有重要战略意义,生产过程对环境的负面影响在现有的环保技术条件下可以得到克服.     

响应面法优化低脂甘薯脆片加工工艺

以红心甘薯为原料,优化低脂甘薯片生产过程中漂烫、热风干燥、油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品含油率和色差(L*值和b*值)为评价指标,并通过响应面优化确定最优的低脂甘薯片生产工艺.结果表明,较优漂烫工艺条件为:漂烫温度70℃,漂烫时间7 min;较优的热风干燥工艺条件为:热风干燥温度70℃,热风干燥时间40 min;最优油炸工...     

理化因素对土豆电池生物电性能的影响

土豆电池是一个复杂的蛋白酶催化的生物化学反应体系,其生物电性能受理化因素的影响非常显著。利用传感器技术研究了电导池常数、电极材料和反应温度对土豆电池生物电性能的影响。结果表明,电导池常数越小,土豆电池的电导率越大,流过电极的电流密度越大。同时,正负电极的标准电极电势差越大,土豆电池的开路电压和短路电流越大。此外,当土豆内部的温度从0℃上升到60℃时,土豆电池的开路电压呈现出先平台式上升,然后线性下降的趋势,并在40℃时达到一个约0.4 V的峰值。这种变化规律主要取决于土豆的蛋白酶活性随温度的变化。当温度高于60℃,随温度的升高,土豆电池的开路电压急剧升高,这是由于细胞膜破裂导致其电导率增加。     

彩色马铃薯块茎中花色苷分布差异及取样方法探讨

为考察花色苷在马铃薯块茎中的含量分布差异,探讨兼具代表性和经济性的科学取样方法.试验选取颜色不同的三个彩色马铃薯品种(系):黑金刚、品系21-1和剑川红作为试验材料,从块茎大小、薯块纵向、横向三个角度分析了马铃薯花色苷的含量差异.结果 表明:同株采收的马铃薯,大、中、小薯间花色苷含量存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),差异...     

Glycoalkaloid Concentrations in Aerial Tubers of Potato ( Solanum tuberosumL)

The total glycoalkaloid concentrations in aerial and subterranean tubers of 14 potato genotypes were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography immediately after harvest. Post-harvest, aerial tubers from all genotypes were exposed to 144 h continuous fluorescent light; additionally three genotypes (cvs Home Guard, Kerrs Pink and Desiree) were subjected to mechanical wounding prior to glycoalkaloid analysis. Variations in glycoalkaloid concentrations between aerial tubers taken from a single genotype (cv Kerrs Pink) were determined by analysis of eight aerial tubers formed in the second leaf axil, selected from separate individual plants. Irrespective of genotype, total and individual glycoalkaloid concentrations were higher in aerial than in subterranean tubers. The highest glycoalkaloid concentrations were found in aerial tubers of cv Kerrs Pink (1343·0 mg kg⁻¹ FW) and lowest in cv Lindsey (301·0 mg kg⁻¹ FW). Ratios of α-chaconine: α-solanine in aerial tubers differed significantly ( P< 0·05) from those in subterranean tubers of cv Cara, Golden Wonder, Home Guard, Lindsey, Maris Piper, Record and 8859 indicating that exposure to light during aerial tuber growth enhanced the synthesis of one glycoalkaloid to a greater degree than the other. In all cultivars except cv Maris Piper, exposure of aerial tubers to 144 h continuous fluorescent light post-harvest increased total and individual glycoalkaloids compared with dark-treated controls. However, the ratios of α-chaconine: α-solanine in all genotypes except cv Golden Wonder (decreased α-chaconine: α-solanine, P< 0·05) were not significantly altered in comparison with dark controls, indicating that light exposure of aerial tubers post-harvest fails to enhance selectively synthesis of individual glycoalkaloids in the majority of cultivars. Regardless of cultivar, total glycoalkaloid, α-solanine and α-chaconine concentrations were higher in wounded than unwounded aerial tubers. Wounding stimulated synthesis of α-solanine more than α-chaconine ( P< 0·05) in cv Home Guard and Desiree. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in aerial tubers varied widely from a minimum of 1010 mg kg⁻¹ to a maximum of 2520 mg kg⁻¹ FW when harvested from individual plants of cv Kerrs Pink but selected from equivalent positions on the plant. Throughout the experiments large, non-significant increases in total and individual glycoalkaloid concentrations were recorded following light and wounding treatments. The scientific implications of aerial tuber formation are discussed.