混菌发酵提高甘薯渣饲用价值的研究

对选育的扣囊拟内孢霉K991株、产朊假丝酵母C986株和绿色木霉T995株混合发酵甘薯渣生产的单细胞蛋白产品的饲用价值进行了研究。发酵产品的粗蛋白含量由发酵前8%提高到 2 6 9% ,纤维素降解了 36 16 % ,产品富含酵母活细胞和消化酶。替代 2 0 %饲喂猪试验表明 :产品适口性好 ,能降低料肉比 ,促进生长 ,具有较好的应用前景     

高温水分散体系交联马铃薯淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂高交联马铃薯淀粉的制备方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联马铃薯淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道发现了随着温度的升高交联马铃薯淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联马铃薯淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的结构进行了详细研究。     

甘薯水溶性紫色素清除DPPH自由基活性研究

从紫A4甘薯果肉及皮中分别提取水溶性紫色素,测定其黄酮含量并研究了其清除DPPH自由基的动力学性质,并与BHA、BHT比较其抗氧化能力。结果表明:紫A4甘薯皮中比果肉中含有更多的黄酮,分别为107.7mg/kg;135.6mg/kg;并且其清除DPPH自由基速度更快,而果肉提取色素抗氧化能力最强(ARP为4.76),两者抗氧化能力堪与BHA、BHT相媲美。     

A Comparison Study of Frying Conditions on Furan Formation in 3 Potato Varieties

Furan, a typical food contaminant formed by heating process, is classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. Many factors lead to the formation of furan in food processing. In our present study, 3 potato varieties, white potato, sweet potato, and purple potato were selected to investigate the effect of thermal processing temperature and time on furan formation. The results showed that the formation of furan was highly correlated with frying temperature and time. Among the 3 potato varieties, sweet potato resulted in the highest furan concentration when fried at 200 °C for 5 min. In addition, the frying temperature and time also influenced the water activity and the color of the 3 kinds of potato slices, which had significant correlation with the formation of furan. Furan concentration decreased along with the increasing of water activity in the 3 potato varieties and the changes presented regression relationships. Meanwhile, there was an inverse correlation between furan content and color changes in the 3 potato varieties. The level of furan decreased as total color changes (ΔE) increased and the changes also presented regression relationships. These results could be used to estimate the possibility of furan formation in the 3 varieties of potato slices systems.     

The amino acid composition,solubility and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein

A protein was purified from the high-protein type sweet potato variety 55-2 available in China. The amino acid composition, solubility and emulsifying properties of the sweet potato protein (SPP) were studied. The SPP was rich in aspartic acid (18.5%) and glutamic acid (9.30%) while essential acid amino acids made up approximately 40.7% of the SPP. The SPP was highly soluble in distilled water over a wide range of pH. However, solubility of the SPP in 1.0 M NaCl and 1.0 M CaCl₂ solutions was low especially at pH below the pI of the SPP. The SPP in CaCl₂ demonstrated emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) many folds higher than those in distilled water and NaCl solution (P < 0.05).     

Substituent distribution within cross-linked and hydroxypropylated sweet potato starch and potato starch

Revealing the substituents distribution within starch can help to understand the changes of starch properties after modification. The distribution of substituents over cross-linked and hydroxypropylated sweet potato starch was investigated and compared with modified potato starch. The starches were cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and/or hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide. The native and modified starches were gelatinized and hydrolysed by pullulanase, β-amylase, α-amylase and a combination of pullulanase, α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The hydrolysates were analysed by HPSEC, HPAEC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Cross-linking had only a slight effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis, where hydroxypropylation evidently limited the enzymatic hydrolysis. The results obtained suggest that the hydroxypropyl substituents are not distributed regularly over the starch chains. Although the average substitution was around 2 hydroxypropyl groups per 10 glucose units, in the enzyme digests of hydroxypropylated starches, oligomer fragments of 10–15 glucose units, carrying 5–8 hydroxypropyl groups, were identified. It is hypothesised that higher levels of substituents are present in the amorphous regions and periphery of clusters of starch granules. This is the first time that the location of hydroxypropyl groups within sweet potato starch has been examined in this detail. Despite significant differences in granule architecture between starches from potato and sweet potato, similar patterns of hydroxypropylation have been found.     

甘薯多糖的抗肿瘤研究

采用水提醇沉法从“广薯98”中提取甘薯粗多糖,通过灌胃给药,研究了甘薯多糖对荷瘤小鼠(H22)的抑瘤率、存活期和脾脏指数、胸腺指数、腹腔巨噬细胞活性的影响。其研究结果显示:甘薯多糖对H22实体瘤小鼠具有明显的抑瘤作用(P<0.05),对H22腹水瘤小鼠具有明显的延长存活期作用(P<0.05);甘薯多糖能明显增加H22实体瘤小鼠的脾脏指数、胸腺指数(P<0.05或P<0.01),能明显增强H22实体瘤小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞活性(P<0.01)。表明甘薯多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。     

Involvement of Anthocyanins and other Phenolic Compounds in Radical-Scavenging Activity of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivars

ABSTRACT: The 80% ethanol extracts of 5 purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivars were separated into 2 fractions, anthocyanins- and phenolic compounds-rich fractions, to clarify the contribution of these constituents to the radical-scavenging activity. The separation was accomplished with an ethyl acetate liquid/liquid extraction. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity in each fraction and the contributors varied according to the cultivars. The dominant DPPH radical-scavengers in "Ayamurasaki" and "Kyushu-132" were anthocyanins rather than phenolic compounds, while those in "Miyanou-36" and "Bise" were phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid. Furthermore, the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins showed that "Ayamurasaki" and "Kyushu-132" were rich in anthocyanins with peonidin aglycon, whereas "Miyanou-36,""Bise," and "Tanegashimamurasaki" contained cyanidin aglycon.     

氯化钙处理对鲜切芹菜生理与品质的影响

目的研究不同浓度的氯化钙处理对室温下贮藏的鲜切芹菜生理品质的影响。方法分别采用化学滴定法、紫外分光光度法、称重法分析测定了鲜切芹菜可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总糖、Vc、失重率等多项生理生化指标。结果芹菜经切割后在室温贮藏期间,可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总糖、Vc含量呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势,失重率随贮藏期的延长逐渐上升;较低浓度氯化钙处理的可滴定酸、还原糖、总糖、Vc含量明显地高于对照和其他处理组,可溶性蛋白含量、失重率却低于对照组。结论氯化钙处理有效地保持了鲜切芹菜良好的生理品质,是一种简单、安全、有效的果蔬保鲜方法。