Efficacy of thyme oil-alginate-based coating in reducing foodborne pathogens on fresh-cut apples

In this study, the inhibition of an alginate-based edible coating (EC) containing thyme oil (0.05%, 0.35% and 0.65%) was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto fresh-cut apples. To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of thyme oil, the constituent compounds of that were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the cellular damage of pathogens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that alginate-based EC containing thyme oil effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens on fresh-cut apples. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol (47.23%) as the major compounds in thyme oil. SEM showed that the cell membrane of foodborne pathogens was damaged by thyme oil, causing their inactivation. Treatment with alginate-based EC containing 0.05% thyme oil preserved the sensory characteristics of fresh-cut apples. Therefore, using alginate-based EC with thyme oil may represent a potential approach to preserve and enhance the safety of fresh-cut apples.     

烟草感染马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系后六种酶活性变化的研究

本文定期测定了感病品种NC89接种PVYN后叶片内6种酶活性的动态变化,结果表明,接种后14天内SOD活性均较对照增高,其中第8天达高峰值,但接种后第16天SOD活性低于对照约28%;AAO活性在接种后2~6天明显高于对照,6~12天,AAO活性变化不定,但12天后,AAO活性又升高;POD活性在接种后2~4天比对照降低,4天后显著升高,至接种后第14天达高峰值,接种后16天又有下降趋势;CAT活性仅在接种后第2天比对照略有升高,随后均低于对照,其中第6天和第10天CAT活性降低幅度较大;PAL活性在接种后2~6天均比对照高,随后开始下降,第8~10天PAL活性低于对照,10天后又升高,第12天又达高峰值;PPO活性在接种后2~16天明显高于对照。本文还详细讨论了上述6种酶与烟草脉坏死病病程的相关性。      

Appearance and Textural Properties of Sheared Low Concentration Potato Protein Gels—Impact of Drying Method,pH, and Ionic Strength

The objective was to prepare sheared gels of potato protein concentrate and evaluate the effect of pH (3, ～4, ～7), ionic strength (15 or 200 mM) and protein drying conditions (spray or freeze drying) on the final appearance and rheological characteristics. Heat‐set gels 3 % (w/w) at a high ionic strength (200 mM) resulted in an inhomogeneous appearance with presence of clots, while low ionic strength (15 mM) gave homogenous structures. Gels prepared at pH 3 became transparent while preparation above pH 3.0 resulted in high turbidity. Heat treatment and cooling resulted in gelation for all samples except freeze dried powder at pH 3.0. Flow curves during shear from 0.1 to 100 s^?1 were fitted by the Herschel–Bulkley model indicating shear thinning behavior for all samples except the freeze dried sample at pH 3 which displayed a Newtonian behavior. Oscillatory measurements after shear indicated viscus behavior (phase angle above 45°) for the spray dried sample at pH 3, and gelled behavior (phase angle above 45°) for the remaining gelled samples. Structure recovery was observed after shear in all samples except at pH 3.0. The data shows potato protein can be used as ingredient in protein beverages.     

马铃薯全粉对比萨饼底加工工艺及品质的影响

研究马铃薯全粉对比萨面团流变学特性、发酵能力和比萨饼底质构特征、感官品质的影响。结果表明:马铃薯全粉能提高小麦粉的吸水率,缩短面团的形成时间,但会导致比萨面团的稳定时间缩短,弱化度增加;马铃薯全粉的添加量与面团的拉伸阻力、延伸度、最大拉伸比例和拉伸面积呈极显著负相关;马铃薯全粉能够提高面团的发酵能力和弹性,但会导致比萨饼底的硬度增加,感官品质略有下降,因此综合考虑确定马铃薯全粉的最佳添加量为15%;并进一步通过单因素和正交试验确定马铃薯比萨饼底的最佳原料配方为马铃薯全粉添加量15%、加水量60%、酵母添加量1.2%;在最佳原料配方的基础上确定马铃薯比萨的最佳工艺条件为醒发温度38℃、醒发湿度75%、醒发时间30 min、烘烤温度200℃、烘烤时间15 min,所得比萨的硬度为4 166.493 g,感官品质最佳。     

紫马铃薯全粉对马芬蛋糕质构性能和感官品质的影响

研究了紫马铃薯全粉添加对马芬蛋糕烘焙损失率、色差、质构性能及感官的影响。结果表明,不同比例混合粉的水溶性及持水性有显著差异(p<0.05),马芬蛋糕的烘焙损失率在紫马铃薯全粉添加量小于70%时差异不显著(p>0.05),但是当紫马铃薯全粉添加量为90%时,烘焙损失率差异显著(p<0.05)。马芬蛋糕的亮度随着紫马铃薯全粉含量增加而显著降低(p<0.05)。马芬蛋糕的硬度随着紫马铃薯全粉添加量增加而显著增加(p<0.05),在紫马铃薯全粉含量在10%~30%时,其他质构指标变化差异不显著(p>0.05);紫马铃薯全粉添加量为10%和30%获得最高分。综上分析,适宜的紫马铃薯全粉添加量为30%。      

膨化马铃薯片的生产工艺研究

本文以新鲜马铃薯和玉米淀粉的主要原料,从原料的配比,老化条件的测定等方面对一种即食马铃薯酥片的生产工艺进行了实验研究,通过实验研究初步确定了产品的生产工艺、主要工艺条件及配方。以本工艺生产的产品具有香酥脆的特点。该产品的开发与马铃薯资源的深加工利用提供了一条新途径。     

近冰温贮藏对真空包装鲜切莲藕色泽与气味物质的影响

目的 分析近冰温（0 ℃）贮藏对真空包装鲜切莲藕的色泽和气味物质的影响。方法 真空包装鲜切莲藕分别贮藏于0 ℃、4 ℃、8 ℃,在0 d、2 d、4 d、6 d、8 d测定其褐变度、色度、多酚氧化酶活性、总酚含量、气味物质等指标。结果 在贮藏期间,鲜切莲藕的褐变度、色差、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、总酚含量与贮藏温度呈正相关。相同贮藏时间下,0 ℃贮藏鲜切莲藕的褐变度、色差值、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、总酚含量最小,L*值最大。鲜切莲藕的挥发性气味物质有68种,主要是醇类、烯类等。随着贮藏时间和温度增加,醇类含量随之增多。结论 近冰温贮藏可以有效延缓鲜切莲藕的褐变,保持色泽,抑制酶活性,降低异味物质产生,能够较好地保持鲜切莲藕的品质。     

紫肉甘薯中花青素在不同环境条件下稳定性的研究

研究了紫肉甘薯中的红色素———花色苷在不同环境条件下的稳定性。结果表明 :该色素在 pH 3以下较稳定 ,耐光性和耐热性好 ,色素粗提物中的糖、酸、多酚类物质等可能与色素发生辅色效应而使稳定性大大提高     

Variation in glycoalkaloid concentration of potato tubers harvested from mature plants

Individual tubers from mature plants of cultivars Pentland Dell and Estima were harvested from experimental plots in two successive years and analysed for α‐solanine, α‐chaconine and total glycoalkaloid concentration (α‐solanine and α‐chaconine combined) using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Mean tuber glycoalkaloid concentration per plant was strongly affected by genotype and was much higher in plants of Pentland Dell (10.0 and 16.3 mg per 100 g fresh weight in 1994 and 1995, respectively) than Estima (4.0 and 4.3 mg per 100 g fresh weight in 1994 and 1995, respectively). The variation between plants in mean tuber glycoalkaloid concentration, expressed as coefficient of variation, was similar for the two cultivars in both years. Variation within plants was higher for cultivar Pentland Dell than Estima for both years but it was statistically significant only in 1995. Tuber position within a plant had no effect on glycoalkaloid concentrations in tubers of similar size. An inverse relationship between total glycoalkaloid concentration and tuber fresh weight of individual tubers was found for both cultivars and small tubers of Pentland Dell (20–40 g fresh weight) exceeded the safety limit of 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight. The pattern of glycoalkaloid accumulation differed between genotypes and appeared related to tuber growth. The implications of these results in terms of food safety are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

马铃薯全粉产品结构及性质的测定研究

以马铃薯颗粒全粉和马铃薯雪花全粉为原料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射光谱仪,Brabender粘度仪等仪器测定马铃薯颗粒全粉和雪花全粉的结构、组成、吸水性、粘度等理化性质。结果表明,颗粒粉多为大小不一的卵形颗粒或复合颗粒,结构完整,表面有皱纹裂缝;吸水能力小,但蛋白质和还原糖含量较高;粘度小,约为20 BU,粘度曲线变化小,基本呈基线的直线。雪花粉多为扁形、多角形,边缘不齐,表面粗糙,有裂纹、凹陷和穴洞;X-光衍射图谱呈馒头峰形状,衍射峰消失,为典型的无定形结构;粘度大,粘度曲线变化明显,说明有较多破碎的游离且预糊化的淀粉。