供水管网水质模型中余氯在主体水中的衰减情况分析

在供水管网中,影响余氯消耗的因素有很多,本文主要研究影响余氯在主体水中衰减的因素.通过研究发现,主体水中p H的变化对余氯衰减速率常数(kb)的影响不大,而随着温度(t)、初始氯质量浓度(C0)以及有机物质量浓度(TOC)的变化,kb均有显著变化,这些变化可以用一级反应动力学模型模拟出来,并建立主体水余氯衰减水质模型.将模型应用于实际管网中,可增强模型的实用性.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁抗力模型的建立及应用

对在役钢筋混凝土桥梁进行可靠度评估和寿命预测中,抗力是可靠度计算的重要因素,建立抗力模型至关重要。针对建立在役钢筋混凝土桥梁抗力模型的这一问题,分析了混凝土强度变化、钢筋锈蚀、混凝土与钢筋的粘结能力变化3大因素及其时变规律。考虑了锈蚀引起的钢筋力学性能降低,引入了基于纤维模型的计算模式不定性参数,采用数学方法建立了钢筋混凝土桥梁抗力随时间衰减模型。引入某钢筋混凝土简支T梁桥进行了抗力模型的计算,验证了模型的可靠性。抗力衰减模型的建立为结构可靠性评估打下了基础。     

Trust fraud: A crucial challenge for China’s e-commerce market

Currently, China’s e-commerce market is growing at an unprecedented pace, however, it is faced with many challenges, among which the trust fraud problem is the biggest issue. In this article, we use Taobao as an example and conduct a thorough investigation of the trust fraud phenomenon in China’s e-commerce market. We present the development history of trust fraud, summarize its unique characteristics, and explore the reasons why so many sellers commit fraud. We further propose a dynamic time decay trust model that aims to deter trust fraud by raising its cost and promote the growth of small and medium-sized sellers. The model utilizes detailed seller ratings as the data source, and incorporates a transaction amount weight, a time decay coefficient, and three trust factors in the calculation of trust. We test the model on real transaction data from Taobao, and the experimental results verify its effectiveness. Our proposed trust model yields a practical approach to online trust management not only in the Taobao market but also for other e-commerce platforms.     

基于气敏传感器阵列和PCA的猪肉新鲜度快速分类方法

根据猪肉的腐败机理及其气味特征,合理选用了气敏传感器阵列,建立了一套用于猪肉新鲜度识别的电子鼻系统。通过不同保存温度不同时间的猪肉样品的电子鼻检测实验,探讨了电子鼻的实时响应特性的补偿方法和基于PCA的猪肉新鲜度的判别模式。同时采用挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)和微生物菌落总数检测实验进行对比分析。结果表明:在不同实验条件下,由于微生物作用产生的猪肉腐败规律,可由电子鼻实时检测;把温湿度信息作为PCA输入分量,能较好补偿温湿度造成的传感器误差。但是对于不同保存温度,判别模式是不同的。结果也表明,建立的电子鼻系统可以分析腐败过程,并半定量地表征猪肉腐败水平。     

基于修正的卡尔曼滤波自适应跟踪算法

针对卡尔曼滤波对匀速运动目标能有效的跟踪,但是当目标出现转弯时,很难达到跟踪精度的要求,甚至丢失目标的现象.对卡尔曼滤波算法进行了改进,在观测向量中引入了两个加速度误差变量,它们动态地修正状态估计误差从而减少跟踪精度误差,形成了修正的Kalman算法.但是由于状态变量维数增加,使得计算量增加,实时性下降,将卡尔曼滤波算法与修正的卡尔曼滤波算法两种算法相结合,提出了基于修正的卡尔曼滤波自适应跟踪算法.仿真结果表明,具有良好的稳定性和精确度,优于一般的卡尔曼滤波算法.     

计及电价不确定性和容量衰减的电动汽车充放电商业模式

电动汽车作为移动储能设施,可以通过开展车网协同,促进电力系统的稳定。随着电动汽车的迅速发展,如何设计电动汽车充放电的商业模式成为亟须解决的问题。鉴于此,设计了电动汽车聚合商单独参与现货市场、联合参与现货市场及辅助服务市场2种模式。同时,考虑到电价不确定性和电池容量衰减的影响,对2种模式开展经济性测算和多因素敏感性分析。算例结果表明,电动汽车聚合商联合参与现货市场及辅助服务市场模式的经济性要优于单独参与现货市场模式。在该研究结果的基础上,设计现阶段电动汽车聚合商参与电力市场的商业方案。     

基于结构诱导人工表面等离激元的宽带低耦合电路北大核心CSCD

实现超宽带传输和超高集成度设计是微波和太赫兹电路发展的终极目标。针对以上目标,本文提出了结构诱导人工表面等离激元的概念。基于此设计并验证了具有超高局附性和超小传输常数的结构诱导人工表面等离激元电路结构,打破了传统人工表面等离激元电路对传输常数和衰减常数的限制。理论分析和数值验证表明,相较于经典人工表面等离激元,具备优异的场局附性和传输特性的结构诱导人工表面等离激元具有明显的弱色散和低耦合特性,在电路设计中可以有效减少宽带信号传输的色散失真,同时提高布线密度。     

乙基纤维素/蓝莓花青素浸泡型标签对牛奶新鲜度的指示

目的 旨在研发一款可浸泡在液体中的食品级牛奶新鲜度指示标签,让消费者简单方便且直观地了解牛奶的实时品质。方法 以乙基纤维素为聚合物基材,蓝莓花青素为pH敏感染料,吐温80和甘油为增塑剂制备出标签。通过比色分析、溶胀率、迁移测试、接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、扫描电镜(SEM)对指示标签进行表征,再将标签用于牛奶新鲜度监测,探究牛奶菌落总数、pH与指示标签总色差的关系。结果 花青素添加量为乙基纤维素质量分数10%的指示标签在pH缓冲液中的指示效果最佳;乙基纤维素和花青素通过氢键较好地结合使标签耐水性较好,可浸泡于液体中;迁移测试证明标签与牛奶接触不会造成安全问题;牛奶菌落总数、pH值与指示标签总色差存在相关性。结论 花青素添加量为乙基纤维素质量分数10%的指示标签在新鲜牛奶中显示为浅紫色,在变质牛奶中显示为粉色。该浸泡型指示标签在指示牛奶新鲜度上有良好应用价值和开发前景。     

Commentary on Krishnaswamy et al. - Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate

Remote sensing is a powerful tool for characterizing, estimating or modelling species diversity. Differences in environmental properties of different habitats should lead to differences of spectral responses, which can be detected by satellite imagery. Hence, spectral distance may be related to species diversity. Based on previous studies, Krishnaswamy et al. [Krishnaswamy, J., Bawa, K. S., Ganeshaiah, K. N., & Kiran, M. C. (2009). Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate. Remote Sensing of Environment.] used spectral distance to estimate species diversity. Since a noisy scatterplot of species versus spectral diversity is expected, the commonly used Ordinary Least Square regression may fail to detect trends which occur across other quantiles than the mean.Krishnaswamy et al. [Krishnaswamy, J., Bawa, K. S., Ganeshaiah, K. N., & Kiran, M. C. (2009). Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate. Remote Sensing of Environment.] proposed a quantile-quantile plot method as an alternative to conventional regression based approaches which are inappropriate for dependent pair-wise dissimilarity or similarity data. By this commentary I demonstrate the utility of a quantile regression technique to complement the Krishnaswamy et al. [Krishnaswamy, J., Bawa, K. S., Ganeshaiah, K. N., & Kiran, M. C. (2009). Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate. Remote Sensing of Environment.] graphical approach in terms of a predictive model.     

高速公路不同养护策略的对比分析

以某高速公路长期养护为例,从结合预防性养护规划和单纯矫正性养护规划两个方面出发,建立两种长期的养护计划方案,得到两种养护方案下各路面性能指数的变化趋势.最后在高速公路的使用寿命、经济效益和路用性能三个方面,说明预防性养护在高速公路养护中的优越性,并倡导在高速公路养护中积极运用预防性养护.