NaOH溶液处理对鸡肉品质的影响

为研究NaOH溶液处理对鸡肉品质的影响,选取市售黄羽肉鸡60 只,随机分为对照组和NaOH溶液浸泡组（pH 9组、pH 11组和pH 13组,每组15 只）,并对其进行肉品质和微生物指标检测。结果表明：NaOH溶液浸泡可以显著增加鸡肉的质量和腐败指标（总挥发性盐基氮、组胺、酪胺和亚精胺）含量（P＜0.05）,显著降低剪切力、风味营养物质（蛋白质、肌内脂肪、肌苷酸和氨基酸）含量（P＜0.05）;低pH值NaOH溶液浸泡的鸡肉,其菌落总数和大肠菌群数明显升高,而高pH值NaOH溶液具有一定的杀菌效果。     

地皮菜添加量对鸡胸肉糜凝胶特性的影响

以新鲜鸡胸肉为实验对象,探究地皮菜添加量对鸡胸肉糜蒸煮得率、保水性、色泽、质构、凝胶强度、流变特性和微观结构等的影响.结果表明:随着地皮菜添加量的增加,鸡胸肉糜的蒸煮得率和保水性呈先上升后下降的趋势,添加量在1.2％时最大,分别为95.71％和95.33％;鸡胸肉糜的L*值、a*值、b*值均显著降低(P＜0.05);硬...     

Antioxidant activities of chicken liver hydrolysates by pepsin treatment

This study was divided into two parts: (i) an optimal hydrolysing procedure of chicken liver hydrolysates (CLHs) and (ii) the in vivo antioxidant properties of CLHs via a D‐galactose‐induced mouse model. A pepsin‐to‐raw chicken liver mass ratio (1:400, w:w) and 2‐h hydrolysing period were chosen to manufacture CLHs based on yield, peptide level and antioxidant effect. Molecular masses of CLHs were lower than 10 kDa. CLH was rich in aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and also contained both manganese and selenium, which are essential cofactors of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. The contents of cadmium, mercury, tin, and arsenic in CLHs were very low and even no detectible. Regarding the in vivo antioxidant activity of CLHs, a dosage of 1.2 g D‐galactose kg^?1 body weight increased (P < 0.05) 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and decreased (P < 0.05) glutathione and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values, as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and organs of mice. However, the in vivo antioxidant capacities were improved (P < 0.05) by supplementing CLHs.     

超声辅助碱法提取对类PSE鸡肉蛋白提取率和功能特性的影响

为提高碱溶酸沉方法提取类PSE（pale, soft and exudative）鸡肉蛋白的提取率,采用超声辅助碱法（超声时间0、5、10、15 min）提取并研究其对类PSE鸡肉蛋白功能特性的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,超声辅助提取类PSE蛋白的提取率由45.55%显著提高至68.58%（P＜0.05）,蛋白含量显著提高25.32%（P＜0.05）;当超声辅助提取时间为10 min时,类PSE鸡肉蛋白具有较小的浊度、黏度和粒径;扫描电子显微镜结果进一步证实,超声辅助碱法提取的类PSE鸡肉蛋白结构变得更加疏松,碎片尺寸较小;超声处理后,类PSE鸡肉蛋白凝胶的蒸煮损失率显著降低61.77%（P＜0.05）,表明蛋白凝胶的保水性增加,但其凝胶强度显著降低（P＜0.05）;此外,超声辅助提取得到的类PSE鸡肉蛋白溶解度、乳化活性指数和乳化稳定性指数分别提高38.56%、8.02%和12.94%。综上,超声辅助提取不仅可以提高碱溶酸沉法提取类PSE鸡肉蛋白含量,且可以改善类PSE鸡肉蛋白的功能特性。     

Improving the quality of fried oils by using different filter aids

The present study aimed to improve the quality of fried soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils. Synthetic (Magnesol XL) and natural (diatomaceous earth and kaolin) filter aids were used at various levels (1, 2 and 4%) to adsorb the secondary oxidation products of the oil. The metal patterns (the cations Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn and the anions CO₃^2?, HCO₃^?, Cl^?, NO₃^?, NO₂^?, SO₄^2?) of Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin were determined. Some physical and chemical properties (refractive index, viscosity, colour, foam height, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, iodine value, and conjugated diene and polymer contents) of non‐fried, fried and fried–treated soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils were determined. The frying process was performed at 180 °C ± 5 °C for 12 h continuous heating. The fried oils were treated with the synthetic and natural filter aids at 105 °C for 15 min. The results indicate that Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin contained Si + Mg, Si + Ca and Si + Al, respectively, as the basic metals. Frying soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils led to significant increases in refractive index, colour, foam height, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, conjugated diene and polymer contents and decrease in iodine value. Treatment of fried oils with Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin at the 1, 2 and 4% levels greatly improved the quality of fried oils. These findings indicate the high efficiency of the filter aids used in the present study in adsorbing the products of oil degradation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

发酵及添加鸡脂肪对鹿肉干营养特性和风味的影响

为改善传统发酵鹿肉干品质和风味的缺陷,向复配发酵剂(无戊糖片球菌:木糖葡萄球菌:植物乳杆菌=2:2:1)发酵的鹿肉干加入一定量的鸡脂肪,比较不发酵不加脂、发酵不加脂和发酵加脂三组鹿肉干的营养特性和风味的差异.结果表明:通过感官综合分析鸡脂肪最佳添加量为2％;发酵加脂组和不发酵不加脂组L*值分别为20.13和19.67,...     

油炸方便面贮藏过程中糖基化产物的变化规律

油炸食品贮藏过程中易形成乙二醛(glyoxal,GO)、丙酮醛(methylglyoxal,MGO)等糖基化中间产物,进一步反应生成晚期糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end prodcts,AGEs),包括荧光性AGEs和非荧光性AGEs,而AGEs与人类诸多疾病的发生密切相关。本试验研究了油炸方便面在贮藏过程中,温度、氧气、光照对GO、MGO、荧光性AGEs变化的影响。结果表明,温度可促进GO、MGO的变化,随时间延长呈现先上升后降低的趋势。氧气能促进GO含量的降低,对MGO变化没有显著性影响。光照对GO、MGO的变化无显著性影响;随着贮藏时间延长,荧光性AGEs含量在不同贮藏条件下都有所增加,其中温度和氧气的影响较大,37℃和室温有氧条件分别达到342.17、340.15 AU/g。因此,油炸方便面贮藏时应低温、密封、避光,以保证其品质,减少糖基化产物的形成。     

沟帮子熏鸡现代化加工工艺

沟帮子熏鸡是锦州驰名的百年美食,其对原料提出了严格的要求,采用了现代化的加工设备与工艺,使产品的色泽及口感稳定,并延长了产品的保质期。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立一种QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,快速测定鸡肉中氟虫腈及其3种代谢产物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜及氟虫腈亚砜)的方法。鸡肉样品经乙腈分散,DisQuE提取管提取和DisQuE净化管净化后,采用液相色谱-串联质谱定量测定,选择性多反应监测模式检测。在0.5~20ng/mL线性范围内,氟虫腈及其代谢产物的回归方程均呈良好的线性关系,R2>0.999,在添加水平为1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg时,平均回收率为75.2%~89.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%~9.2%,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度和准确度均较高,精密度较好,适用于鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢产物残留量的检测。     

袋装鸡肉熟肉制品杀菌工艺的研究

鸡肉是高度易腐的食品,本实验探讨将熟鸡肉进行真空包装,然后采用低温巴氏杀菌和高温高压杀菌,每种杀菌方式采用不同的工艺参数,杀菌后进行感官评定。然后于常温和低温两种条件下分别储藏2、4、6、8、10天,然后测定其中的菌落总数找出其变化规律,确定最佳杀菌参数。实验结果表明在90℃下处理30分钟于4℃冰箱中储藏和在120℃下处理30分钟于常温条件下储藏为最佳工艺。