傅里叶变换近红外光谱快速检测方便面油脂含量

利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术测定方便面油脂含量。光谱通过多元散射校正算法(MSC)处理后,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立模型,用定标集预测误差(SEC)、验证集预测误差(SEP)及其相关系数(Rc,Rv)评判模型好坏。结果发现,该法定标集预测误差和验证集预测误差分别为0.4456和0.4447,定标集和验证集相关系数分别为0.9798、0.9755;研究表明,利用近红外光谱技术能快速、准确测定油炸方便面油脂含量。     

添加蚕蛹蛋白对非油炸方便面生产工艺和品质的影响

研究了添加蚕蛹蛋白对非油炸方便面生产工艺和品质的影响,通过单因素和正交实验探讨了蚕蛹蛋白添加量、加水量和蒸面时间对方便面面饼的影响,以感官评定和质构特性作为方便面面饼的品质评价指标,并分析了两类评价指标之间的相关性。实验结果表明,质构特性中的硬度、粘附性、拉断力和拉伸长度与感官评分之间具有显著的相关性,经两类品质指标的综合评价,得出非油炸蚕蛹蛋白方便面的最佳工艺条件为：蚕蛹蛋白添加量3%,加水量35%,蒸面时间7min。     

不同预处理条件对低温真空油炸马铃薯片品质的影响

本研究采用理化测定及感官评分相结合的方法考察了预处理过程中切片厚度、冷冻温度、护色液三因素对低温真空油炸马铃薯片的感官及品质的影响。结果表明,切片厚度2 mm,冷冻温度-18～-20℃,0.1%柠檬酸护色液为最佳的预处理措施。     

琥珀酰化度大小对改性小麦面筋蛋白性质影响的研究

本文采用琥珀酸酐对小麦面筋蛋白进行酰化改性，讨论了琥珀酰化度大小对面筋蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性影响，并对最佳改性条件下改性小麦面筋蛋白进行了在面条加工中的应用研究。结果表明：琥珀酰化度为66．1％时改性效果最好，改性面筋蛋白的溶解度、乳化及乳化稳定性、起泡及起泡稳定性分别为5．09mg／ml，56．8％，56．4％，44．8％，25％；利用最佳改性条件下的琥珀酰化面筋蛋白生产面条，面条的综合性能均比未改性的面筋蛋白品质高。     

Evaluation the quality characteristics of wheat flour and shelf-life of fresh noodles as affected by ozone treatment

In this study, the effects of ozone treatment on the microorganism mortality in wheat flour and shelf-life of fresh noodles were investigated, as well as the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and textural qualities of cooked noodles. Results showed that the total plate count (TPC) can be largely reduced in wheat flour exposed to ozone gas for 30 min and 60 min. Whiteness of flour and noodle sheet, dough stability, and peak viscosity of wheat starch were all increased by ozone treatment. Free cysteine content in wheat flour was shown to decrease significantly (P < 0.05) as the treatment time increased and remarkable protein aggregates were observed in both reduced and non-reduced SDS–PAGE patterns. In addition, ozone treated noodles were generally higher in firmness, springiness, and chewiness, while lower in adhesiveness. Microbial growth and darkening rate of fresh noodles made from ozone treated flour were delayed significantly.     

Acrylamide in daily food in the metropolitan area of Hanoi,Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide, a colourless and odourless crystalline solid, formed via the Maillard reaction in food, has been reported with harmful properties for humans, such as toxicity and carcinogenicity. Three hundred and four processed food samples from 17 product types, collected in Hanoi, Vietnam, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the acrylamide concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of acrylamide were 1 µg Kg^?1 and 3 µg Kg^?1, respectively. Effectively, the highest acrylamide content is usually found in processed food, which is one of the primary reasons of increased acrylamide content in food. All French fried samples contained acrylamide above 500 µg kg^?1. Acrylamide concentration in non-fried noodle, vermicelli, rice noodle, ph?, dried vegetable, and rice cracker is lower than in potato chips, fried potatoes, fried cake, and fried noodles. The results could be helpful to estimate exposure and risk assessment of acrylamide in Vietnam.     

泡面桶中壬基酚总迁移量测定及风险分析

建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定泡面桶中总壬基酚迁移量的分析方法,并对市售泡面桶中壬基酚迁移进行了风险分析与评估。优化了色谱分离条件和固相萃取条件,线性范围1~500 μg/L内线性关系良好,壬基酚的方法检出限为0.002~0.004 μg/L,对实际样品迁移液进行加标回收试验,回收率在79.8%~105.2%之间,相对标准偏差（Relative Standard Deviation,RSDs）在1.74%~9.88%之间。应用该方法对市售54批泡面桶中壬基酚总迁移量进行测定,其中45件样品的迁移液中检出了壬基酚,壬基酚含量在0.006~0.079 μg/L。根据检测结果对市售泡面桶中壬基酚的安全性进行了风险分析,壬基酚的最大每日摄入量为0.0237 μg/d,远低于壬基酚的健康指导值3 μg/d,说明市场上泡面桶相对比较安全,对人体健康存在较低风险。     

去苦味冷溶型速溶绿茶的加工工艺

采用30 000、8000、3500、1000 u的有机膜,对绿茶浸提液进行超滤,以研究不同截留分子质量的膜管对绿茶浸提液中主要成分的分离和富集效应,以及对速溶绿茶品质的影响。结果表明,超滤绿茶汤时,以膜滤过程的膜滤时间、温度、超滤膜截留分子质量、压力对膜通量进行回归分析,可得到膜通量对膜滤时间、温度、超滤膜截留分子质量、压力的回归方程为-5.157 8-0.001 41+0.001 7X_2+0.000 1X_3+5.082 3X_4。其中,X_1为膜滤时间,0min≤X_1≤126min;X_2为膜滤温度,17.8℃≤X_2≤40℃;X_3为超滤膜截留分子质量,3500u≤X_3≤30 000 u;X_4为膜进口压力,31.5Pa≤X_4≤116.55Pa,由此可预测截留分子量在方程适合范围内的超滤膜的超滤过程。由截留分子质量为8 000u、1000u 2支超滤膜管组合使用所得的1000截留液样品,既具有冷溶性,又去除了苦涩味,茶汤的色、香、味俱佳。     

酶制剂与酵母复合膨松剂在油条制作中的应用

该研究以油条为例探究食品酶制剂和酵母用作传统油炸面制品膨松剂的可行性。通过膨胀率、比容、感官评定等检测方法对常用面制品膨松剂的效果、食品酶制剂与酵母复配的效果进行了评估,并对复配效果最佳的组合进行发酵过程分析。结果发现常用面制品膨松剂中明矾膨松效果最好,油条最大膨胀率为8.73倍。以酵母为基础膨松剂进行改良,利用蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、木聚糖酶、葡萄糖氧化酶与酵母复配,结果发现淀粉酶效果最好,在添加量为0.50 g/kg的情况下膨胀率达到了7.65倍。对淀粉酶酵母组合膨松剂进行发酵过程分析,发现面团最佳发酵时间为2.5 h,面制品中碳水化合物大幅度降解为还原糖,含量达到5.25%。这种新型复合膨松剂成分由食品酶和食品微生物组成,无铝元素添加,在保证膨松效果的前提下实现了安全健康的目的。     

微波处理对全麦粉理化性质及全麦鲜湿面品质的影响

为解决全麦粉加工品质和储藏稳定性的不足,采用微波处理全麦粉,用粉质仪和动态流变仪研究微波处理对全麦面团流变学特性的影响;用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、X射线衍射仪、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)等分析全麦粉中淀粉和蛋白组分结构和理化性质的变化;并验证了微波处理对全麦粉中微生物和多酚氧化酶的抑制效果和对全麦鲜湿面品质及褐变程度的影响。结果表明,微波处理可以显著提高全麦面团的稳定时间,增加面团的弹性和类固体性质,同时可改善全麦粉的黏度特性,使淀粉结晶特性略有提高;SDS-PAGE图谱显示,微波处理可引起全麦粉中蛋白组分发生有限聚合,这种聚合作用主要由二硫键引起。微波处理能够显著降低全麦粉中的菌落总数和PPO活性,抑制全麦鲜湿面褐变,提高面条煮后拉断力。