Note on utilisation of peanut seed testa

Peanut testae (skins, seed coats) are an extremely low value by‐product of peanut‐blanching operations. Their commercial value is $12–20 per ton and their limited use is only as a minor component of cattle feed. Based on world in‐shell peanut production of 29.1 million tons in 1999/2000 and an average skin content of 2.6%, world production of peanut skins can be estimated at over 750 000 tons annually. Research performed to find new uses for peanut skins demonstrated that up to 35% of the oil in the skins can be recovered. In some cases the oil can be a new potential source of behenic and lignoceric acids, which are used in body‐building formulations and as ingredients in shampoos. After removal of the oil the skins were useful for making brandy, liqueur and tea. Peanut skin oil extraction followed by tannin extraction also produces a protein‐enriched product that could find application in mixed feeds for cattle consumption at higher concentrations relative to existing practice. A simple technique was also offered to use the skins in finishing decorative panels. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真空油炸胡萝卜片工艺研究与经济效益分析

胡萝卜营养丰富,但胡萝卜所固有的气味为很多人不习惯,为了除去胡萝卜特有的滋味和气味,加工成高品质、色、香、味、俱佳的松脆可口的胡萝卜片,对其影响胡萝卜的质量的因素进行了研究,确定其最佳工艺条件,并对其工业化生产进行了经济效益分析。     

油炸糯米糕顶空固相微萃取优化及其风味物质分析

自制油炸纯糯米糕,采用单因素实验和正交实验对顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）香气成分的条件进行优化,结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法测定其挥发性风味成分。结果表明,油炸糯米糕风味物质最佳萃取条件为:取1.5 g样品萃取量加入到顶空进样瓶中,使用二乙烯基苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷（DVB/CAR/PDMS）（50/30μm）萃取头,在60℃条件下萃取80 min;油炸糯米糕中共检测出68种风味物质,其中烃类物质11种,醇类6种,醛类20种,酸类2种,酮类9种,酯类5种,吡嗪类11种,呋喃类2种,苯酚和吡咯啉各1种,其中主要是醛类、吡嗪类和酮类物质,相对含量分别为68.71%、8.36%和7.63%。      

超声波提取炒王不留行总三萜的工艺优化及其抑菌活性研究

优化炒王不留行总三萜提取工艺,并分析其抑菌活性。在单因素实验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、液料比、超声温度和超声时间为自变量,总三萜得率为响应值,采用4因素3水平的响应曲面分析法优化炒王不留行总三萜提取工艺;并采用倍比稀释法研究炒王不留行总三萜提取物对10种常见致病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,超声波辅助提取炒王不留行总三萜最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度65%,料液比1:25(g/mL),超声温度63℃,超声时间40 min。在此工艺条件下,炒王不留行总三萜的得率为1.24%±0.003%,与模型预测值1.28%之间具有良好的拟合性。炒王不留行总三萜提取物对所选10种常见致病菌均有一定的抑制作用,尤其是对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌和肺炎链球菌抑制作用最强,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)均在1.25~5 mg/mL之间。该提取方法稳定、高效,可用于炒王不留行中总三萜的提取,同时提取物具有较强的广谱抗菌作用。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响

为了改善油炸食品的品质,研究了向裹层面糊中添加玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦芽糊精、谷朊粉、大豆分离蛋白、羟丙基甲基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶和鱼鳞胶原蛋白对180℃条件下油炸2min壳层的含水量、吸油量、L*、a*、b*、色度、色彩角和脆度的影响,并考察了鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响。结果表明:添加鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层的金黄色泽且效果优于实验中其他类添加物。玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和黄原胶可降低壳层7%~12%的含油量,添加麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白和CMC可降低壳层5%左右的含油量,而谷朊粉、HPMC和瓜尔胶则可降低壳层1%的吸油量。添加0.2%、0.5%和1%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可以降低油炸壳层1%~2%的吸油量,且添加1%鱼鳞胶原蛋白壳层的吸油量降低最多,而添加2%、5%和7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白增加了油炸壳层的吸油量。2%与7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层和微波复热壳层的脆性。      

影响花生牛轧糖储藏品质的关键因素分析及改进方法研究

为确定花生牛轧糖储藏过程中哈变的原因及其改进方法,研究分析不同温度条件下储藏的带壳和脱壳花生的氧化稳定性以及添加经不同方式处理的花生制备的牛轧糖品质.结果表明:在室温(25℃)、37、60℃下储藏过程中,带壳花生比脱壳花生氧化速度慢,在室温下储藏58 d后,带壳生花生的过氧化值均无明显变化且始终小于2 mmol/kg;...     

去皮椒盐油炸花生货架寿命的研究

通过对去皮椒盐油炸花生的加速氧化试验，建立了计算其在任一贮藏温度下货架寿命的回归方程。此外，还对包装工艺和包装材料同货架寿命之间的关系作了探讨。     

Characteristics and Functional Properties of Protein Isolates from Various Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars

Protein isolates from 9 cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were compared. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (NPAGE) of the protein isolates showed very similar patterns of arachin and nonarachin fractions. The content of individual fractions was somewhat different among cultivars, possibly indicating genetic variability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (SDS-PAGE) showed that the protein isolates had extremely complex sub-unit compositions. The content of acidic amino acids of the protein isolates was 34–38%, basic was 15–17%. Differences in some functionalities such as solubility and emulsification activity were conspicuous among cultivars.     

油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的检测方法研究

富含淀粉的食物在油炸过程中,极易产生一种有害的化学物质——丙烯酰胺。建立了油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的提取、纯化与高效液相色谱分析方法。油炸食品经水提后正己烷脱脂、Carrez试剂净化除蛋白、C18固相萃取柱纯化得到丙烯酰胺提取液,再经高效液相色谱法分析检测。研究了高效液相色谱不同流动相比例、柱温、流速、进样量对丙烯酰胺分离效果的影响,确立了最佳色谱分离条件:检测波长195 nm,流动相乙腈-水(体积比20∶80),柱温45℃,流速1. 0 m L/min,进样量20μL。该方法丙烯酰胺的检出限为5μg/kg,相对标准偏差在0. 5%范围内,薯片样品的加标回收率在88. 5%～90. 6%之间,该法能有效、快速测定油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的含量。