2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基] 乙醇制备条件的优化

2-[N-甲基-N-(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙醇是合成罗格列酮(Rosighitazone)的一种中间体，罗格列酮是新型噻唑烷二酮类胰岛素增敏剂，通过两轮优化设计，实验室小试得到了较好的反应条件．为工业化生产提供了基础数据。     

Transformation of β-Ni(OH)2 to NiO nano-sheets via surface nanocrystalline zirconia coating: Shape and size retention

Shape and size of the synthesized NiO nano-sheets were retained during transformation of sheet-like β-Ni(OH)₂ to NiO at elevated temperatures via nano-sized zirconia coating on the surface of β-Ni(OH)₂. The average grain size was 6.42 nm after 600 °C treatment and slightly increased to 10 nm after 1000 °C treatment, showing effective sintering retardation between NiO nano-sheets. The excellent thermal stability revealed potential application at elevated temperatures, especially for high temperature catalysts and solid-state electrochemical devices.     

溶剂对全氟磺酸再铸膜性能的影响

将氯碱工业用过的废离子交换膜放入乙醇水溶液中，在250℃和10MPa条件下溶解4h，固液分离后，得到，浓度为7．2％的全氟磺酸离子交换树脂（PFSI）溶液。并分别利用高沸点溶剂（HBPS）——二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、乙二醇（EO）、吡硌烷酮（NMP）和二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）置换其中的低沸点溶剂，采用浇铸法制备了再铸全氟磺酸质子交换膜。通过测定再铸膜（RCM）的交换容量、电导率、抗拉强度和X射线衍射谱图等研究了浇铸温度、浇铸时间和HBPS种类等条件对RCM性能的影响。结果显示：RCM的最佳成膜温度和时间分别为140℃和2h，温度高于180℃，部分PFSI开始分解，电导率和离子交换容量有所下降，时间低于2h，HBPS不能完全从RCM中挥发，RCM的机械强度和稳定性低。HBPS的种类和加入比例影响RCM的结晶程度和晶粒大小，HBPS加入量过少，在HBPS挥发完之前，PFSI没有足够的时间结晶，稳定性差，最好的HBPS是二甲基亚砜和吡硌烷酮，RCM与Nafion112具有相近的燃料电池性能。     

“十一五”我国石油替代和再生能源部分产品发展分析

能源多元化对保障国家能源安全,紧跟世界能源发展趋势,及时转变能源发展战略的意义重大。分类讨论替代燃料,分析其发展态势和需要的支撑条件。     

Production of nanoparticles of copper compounds by anodic dissolution of copper in organic solvents

The anodic behaviour of copper was investigated in ethanol solution containing LiClO₄, LiCl electrolyte and water. The type of electrolyte and the water content influences the mechanism of the anodic process and the formation of anodic products. In LiClO₄ electrolyte the dissolution of copper is related to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II). In solutions of LiCl the etching of copper begins with the creation of soluble complexes of Cu(I) with chloride ions and solvent molecules. At potentials above 0.4 V the formation of alkoxides was observed in both solutions, characterized by a yellow tint. On the other hand, above 0.8 V (i.e. above the equilibrium potential of alcohol oxidation) copper dissolution is accompanied by the formation of a blue colloidal suspension of Cu (II) copper salt. Anodic etching of copper in solutions containing 3% H₂O at potentials higher than 0.4 V leads to the formation of colloidal suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles.     

尿素醇解法合成氨基甲酸乙酯的研究

对尿素醇解法合成氨基甲酸乙酯工艺进行了系统地研究,全面考察了反应温度、原料配比、反应时间及搅拌速度等因素对反应性能的影响。研究发现在反应温度为140℃,乙醇与尿素的摩尔比为4∶1,反应3.5 h,氨基甲酸乙酯最高收率为79.2%。     

Platinum particle size effect on the oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol

The effect of the platinum particle size was investigated for the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol to ethanal at a temperature of 303 K, an ethanol concentration of 260 mol m^–3, a partial oxygen pressure 60 kPa, a pH of 9, and an ethanal and ethanoate concentration of 20 mol m^–3. A particle size effect on the turnover frequency was observed but only for particle sizes smaller than 2 nm. Hence, the reaction shows a limited structure sensitivity.     

Rheological studies on a slurry biofuel to aid in evaluating its suitability as a fuel

Biomass is an often abundant, renewable, low ash and low sulfur fuel. Due to these properties, biofuels are promising alternatives for traditional petroleum-based fuel applications; however, traditional biofuels for internal combustion engines are not cost competitive with gasoline, diesel or fuel oils. One method to reduce the cost of biofuels is to use slurry fuels which have a potential lower cost than liquid biofuels due to high conversion efficiencies. Slurry biofuels, such as a mixture of corn and water, could provide a biofuel alternative for diesel engines, pressurized gasifiers and heating oil applications such as burners or gas turbines. Use of these biomass slurries poses important questions about their stability and suitability for practical applications in internal combustion engines and combustors.This work reports rheology data for stable corn-starch water slurries (CSWS) which used a polyacrylic acid thickener to eliminate settling of the slurry and to provide desirable shear-thinning behavior for most of the compositions evaluated. The effect of shear rate on the viscosity of the CSWS was studied using a BOHLIN-controlled stress (CS) rheometer. The well-known Ostwald—de Waele power law and Sisko models for viscosity fit the data. The effect of corn starch content, thickener content and temperature on the viscosity of CSWS was also studied. The favorable shear thinning properties were observed for starch contents up to 45% starch and should aid pumping, injection and spraying. The lower heating values of the slurries, however, are undesirably low.     

A paraffin-fueled SOFC system design and integration

This paper addresses an integrated design of paraffin-reformer, gas separations and the electricity production with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The overall design consists of three modules. First module is a system of paraffin reformer. In this module, the paraffin feed stream is to send to a steam-reformer. In the second module, the gas separations method illustrated is the combination of a methane-permeable membrane with a pressure-swing adsorption (PSA). In the third module, the purified hydrogen is fed to the SOFC unit. To be energy efficient, this paraffin-fueled SOFC system is designed with the consideration of heat integration. The intent of this paper is to provide a possible, alternative way of cogeneration systems for refinery and petrochemical plants.     

Vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with Ni-Zn/c catalyst

Vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with Ni/C and Ni-Zn/C catalyst was investigatedunder atmospheric pressure.Ni-Zn/C was found to have a significantly higher activity andselectivity than Ni/C.Effects of Zn and Ni loading on ethanol conversion and productdistributions were also investigated,and the sequence of metal loading was compared.The cata-lyst was characterized by XRD(X-ray diffraction)and SEM-EDS.The spectra of XRDdemonstrated that the catalyst structure was changed from crystalline to non-crystalline in theprocess of carbonylation.Stable iodide compound was formed due to the interaction betweenC_2H_5I and active metals.The authors believe that the active phase of carbonylation might havebeen non-crystalline.