一种改进的实时嵌入式系统容错优化方法

容错技术中硬件冗余会产生较高的设计和生产成本.针对该问题,提出一种改进的实时嵌入式系统容错优化方法,基于检查点容错技术综合分析系统故障性能、硬实时任务时间约束和软实时任务的效用函数值.以设计的容错模型为基础,计算系统故障概率保证其在故障最大概率值内,给出硬任务截止时间确定可调度性,并应用改进的禁忌搜索算法获得软任务效用函数最佳值,算法有2种简单的邻节点结构,其禁忌准则遵循邻节点方法禁忌,优化效率明显改善.实验结果表明,该方法可进行故障分析等综合分析,并能迅速获得最大效用函数值.     

不完备XML信息系统的粗糙集模型

随着XML成为网络信息表示和交换的标准以及不确定数据的广泛存在,不确定XML数据库管理技术成为了当今研究的热点。首先,允许XML文档叶子节点的信息值为丢失的或遗漏的空值,提出不完备的XML信息系统;其次,提出节点的相容关系、限制相容关系以及阈值相容关系等概念,基于粗糙集理论分别定义这3种关系对应的粗糙集模型;最后,通过实例分析表明,限制相容关系模型能克服相容关系模型分类粗糙的缺点,阈值相容关系模型通过合理地设置阈值可达到更好的分类效果,从而提高了对XML数据的预测、分类的精确度。     

无线传感器网络中故障容忍算法研究

针对无线传感器维护困难,改善故障容忍能力的问题,提出了一种基于故障容忍度的自适应容错拓扑控制算法。首先,阐述了节点故障容忍度衡量指标,其次,详细分析了算法的各个阶段,最后通过仿真实验与常用算法对比,结果表明,基于故障容忍度的自适应容错拓扑控制算法具有更好的控制效果,极大地提高了使用效率。     

高可扩展可容错的无网格/粒子程序petaPar及其测试

petaPar 粒子模拟程序面向千万亿次级计算,在统一框架下实现两种广受关注的粒子模拟算法：光滑粒子流体动力学（Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,SPH）和物质点法（Material Point Method,MPM)。代码支持多种材料模型、强度模型和失效模型,适合模拟大变形、高应变率和流固耦合问题。支持纯 MPI 和 MPI+X 混合两种并行模型。系统具有可容错性,支持无人值守变进程重启。在Titan 上测试表明,petaPar 可线性扩展到 26 万 CPU 核,SPH 和 MPM 算法并行效率相对 8 192 核分别为 87% 和 90%。     

超差特征量指标集约束下PID调节器的满意优化

针对一类具有目的域的控制系统,提出将一组由滞留时间、超差时间以及随机穿越周期时间等构成的超差特征量指标纳入满意PID调节器的目标函数集中进行研究。将PID调节器的参数设计转化为局部状态反馈问题,推导出带状目的域下超差特征量指标的解析表达式,并分析了其与稳定裕度、动态误差系数以及稳态输出方差指标之间的相容性;当上述指标相容时,给出了一种利用双群体机制下的差分进化算法和内点法相结合对PID调节器参数进行优化求解的策略;数值算例表明了所提方法的有效性。     

Fault tolerance in cellular automata at high fault rates

A commonly used model for fault-tolerant computation is that of cellular automata. The essential difficulty of fault-tolerant computation is present in the special case of simply remembering a bit in the presence of faults, and that is the case we treat in this paper. We are concerned with the degree (the number of neighboring cells on which the state transition function depends) needed to achieve fault tolerance when the fault rate is high (nearly 1/2). We consider both the traditional transient fault model (where faults occur independently in time and space) and a recently introduced combined fault model which also includes manufacturing faults (which occur independently in space, but which affect cells for all time). We also consider both a purely probabilistic fault model (in which the states of cells are perturbed at exactly the fault rate) and an adversarial model (in which the occurrence of a fault gives control of the state to an omniscient adversary). We show that there are cellular automata that can tolerate a fault rate 1/2−ξ (with ξ>0) with degree O((1/ξ²)log(1/ξ)), even with adversarial combined faults. The simplest such automata are based on infinite regular trees, but our results also apply to other structures (such as hyperbolic tessellations) that contain infinite regular trees. We also obtain a lower bound of Ω(1/ξ²), even with only purely probabilistic transient faults.     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

分点:无结构对等网络的拓扑关键点

虽然对等网络中的结点在功能上互相平等,但其中某些结点对于覆盖网拓扑却有重要意义.提出了分点概念来描述对等网络的拓扑关键点,这些结点的失效很可能导致覆盖网的分割.设计了一套简单、有效、分布式的分点检测和避免方法.模拟实验的结果表明,该方法可以优化覆盖网拓扑结构,并显著地提高无结构对等网络在动态环境下的容错性.     

基于新型协调量化容差关系的不完备数据填补方法

提出一种基于新型协调量化容差关系的不完备数据补齐算法。首先求出属性值不完备对象的容差类,结合属性的重要度,将容差类里面的对象容差关系量化,再根据决策规则独立原则,在尽可能保持系统协调性的前提下对缺失属性值进行补齐。大量实验证明了本算法的有效性。     

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of linear systems with actuator saturation and L_2-disturbances

This paper studies the problem of designing adaptive fault-tolerant H-infinity controllers for linear timeinvariant systems with actuator saturation.The disturbance tolerance ability of the closed-loop system is measured by an optimal index.The notion of an adaptive H-infinity performance index is proposed to describe the disturbance attenuation performances of closed-loop systems.New methods for designing indirect adaptive fault-tolerant controllers via state feedback are presented for actuator fault compe...