酒中氰化物测定方法的研究进展

已有多种现代分析方法应用于酒中氰化物的测定。它们的应用,必将对酒中氰化物的测定及其含量控制起到重要作用。简要介绍了化学分析法、光谱法、色谱法、电化学方法及其它测定方法,对近几年来国内酒中氰化物测定方法进行了综述。     

在“禁酒令”的寒冬中寻找那片“蓝海”

自颁布"禁酒令"以来,白酒行业遭受沉重打击,高端白酒价格的大幅下滑,中端酒企的盈利空间正被大幅压缩,文章从定价管理及列举部分产品的市场开拓等方面来说明在不利环境下白酒企业仍能开拓适合自身发展的"蓝海"。     

The effect of pH on N2O production under aerobic conditions in a partial nitritation system

Ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) are a major contributor to nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions during nitrogen transformation. N₂O production was observed under both anoxic and aerobic conditions in a lab-scale partial nitritation system operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The system achieved 55 ± 5% conversion of the 1 g NH₄⁺-N/L contained in a synthetic anaerobic digester liquor to nitrite. The N₂O emission factor was 1.0 ± 0.1% of the ammonium converted. pH was shown to have a major impact on the N₂O production rate of the AOB enriched culture. In the investigated pH range of 6.0-8.5, the specific N₂O production was the lowest between pH 6.0 and 7.0 at a rate of 0.15 ± 0.01 mg N₂O-N/h/g VSS, but increased with pH to a maximum of 0.53 ± 0.04 mg N₂O-N/h/g VSS at pH 8.0. The same trend was also observed for the specific ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) with the maximum AOR reached at pH 8.0. A linear relationship between the N₂O production rate and AOR was observed suggesting that increased ammonium oxidation activity may have promoted N₂O production. The N₂O production rate was constant across free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) concentrations of 5-78 mg NH₃-N/L and 0.15-4.6 mg HNO₂-N/L, respectively, indicating that the observed pH effect was not due to changes in FA or FNA concentrations.     

半化学浆黑液磺化改性制水泥减水剂工艺实验

对半化学浆黑液进行磺化改性制备水泥减水剂,并对改性工艺进行优化。适宜的工艺条件为:Na_2SO_3用量20%,时间4h,温度160℃。反应改性物在掺量0. 4%、水灰此0.4条件下,水泥净浆流动度由基准的105mm提高到151mm。当改性物掺量在0.3%时,减水率为5.5%,而掺量达到0.6%时,减水率升高到9.0%。改性物的减水性能达到普通减水剂的标准。     

超滤对青霉素发酵液萃取过程的影响

利用超滤膜分离技术去除青霉素发酵液中蛋白质等大分子杂质,可以消除萃取过程的乳化现象,对青霉素发酵滤液和超滤液进行萃取对比实验表明：超滤液在不添加破乳剂的情况下水相与酯相可以得到快速分离,萃取过程时间缩短;单级萃取青霉素的能力增加,萃取理论级数减少;使用后的萃取剂杂质含量减少,回收容易,超滤过程的加入有利于萃取等后续提取过程的进行。     

浅析原料卤水净化试验方法

在盐品生产中,原料卤水杂质组分较高对盐产品质量影响严重,此方法论述了如何从源头上去除原料卤水的杂质离子,达到既经济又能产出高质量盐产品的卤水净化方案。     

湘泉兼香型白酒在浓香型白酒中的应用

湘泉兼香型白酒与浓香型白酒以恰当的比例进行组合勾兑，对改善浓香型白酒酒质效果显著，可使组合后的酒体窖香优雅、醇甜、柔和、爽净，兼有清爽型、浓香型白酒的独特风格，更加迎合消费者的需求，赢得市场，对白酒酒体设计、勾兑具有指导意义；为白酒向多元化发展拓展了空间。（孙悟）     

Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet

BACKGROUND: Ginseng saponin and ginsenosides exert anti‐obesity effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems. However, the complicated relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of ginseng and gene expression has yet to be defined under in vivo conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) and hepatic gene expression profiles in mice fed long‐term on a high‐fat diet (HFD) in this study. RESULTS: KRGE reduces the levels of cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), serum triglycerides, and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD. However, KRGE treatment brought these levels back to normal. KRGE was found to down‐regulate genes associated with lipid metabolism or cholesterol metabolism (Lipa, Cyp7a1, Il1rn, Acot2, Mogat1, Osbpl3, Asah3l, Insig1, Anxa2, Vldlr, Hmgcs1, Sytl4, Plscr4, Pla2g4e, Slc27a3, Enpp6), all of which were up‐regulated by HFD. CONCLUSION: KRGE regulated the expression of genes associated with abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism, were shown to be modulated by KRGE. These results show that KRGE is effective in preventing obesity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于光谱技术的白酒真伪鉴别

近年来,指纹图谱技术由于其操作简单快捷、专属性强等优点得到迅速发展,并且广泛应用于酒类的检测和区分方面.该文采用紫外可见吸收光谱技术扫描得到白云边真酒以及2种该假冒酒样本的紫外光可见吸收光谱图.根据紫外光可见吸收光谱图的差异,并结合光谱曲线相似度的计算以及主成分分析法对紫外光谱数据进行研究,证明了紫外光可见吸收光谱技术对真假酒有一定的区分和鉴别能力.     

白酒窖泥中蛋白酶产生菌的筛选及复配

从优质白酒窖泥中分离筛选出8 株高产蛋白酶的兼性厌氧细菌,通过测定内肽酶、氨肽酶、羧肽酶酶活力,最终筛选出3 株3 种蛋白酶活力相对较高的菌株HDS4、HDS6、HDS8,并对其进行形态观察、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定,确定3 株菌分别为枯草芽孢杆菌（Baci l lus subt i l i s）、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Baci l lusamyloliquefaciens）、苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）。以接种量为基础,对3 株目的菌株进行复配,得到的复配菌系3 种蛋白酶活力均比单一菌株高,3 种酶活力分别提高了8.907%、6.181%、8.781%。