酵母发酵法去除木糖母液中葡萄糖的研究

以木糖母液为原料,采用酵母发酵法去除母液中的葡萄糖。通过单因素分析,对影响去除效果的主要因素进行了研究。利用正交试验筛选出最佳工艺参数。结果表明:母液浓度为12%,调pH值4.5,酵母添加量2%,30℃下发酵6h,葡萄糖的去除率可达96%以上。     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因在黑曲霉中的分泌表达

通过PCR扩增从一株葡萄糖氧化酶生产菌黑曲霉中克隆得到1818bp葡萄糖氧化酶基因GOD,将GOD基因与糖化酶基因的5’同源臂、3’同源臂进行重叠延伸,构建葡萄糖氧化酶基因的表达框。将此表达框插入载体pSZH中,构建黑曲霉同源重组表达载体pSZH-GOD。将载体pSZH-GOD通过冻融法转化农杆菌AGL1,进而通过农杆菌介导法转化高产糖化酶的黑曲霉。经潮霉素筛选和PCR鉴定获得8株重组菌株。对8株重组菌株的发酵液上清液进行酶活测定,结果表明葡萄糖氧化酶基因在高产糖化酶的黑曲霉中得到了分泌表达,静置培养6d后其分泌表达的葡萄糖氧化酶酶活最高可达1.166U/mL,而在出发菌株中检测不到葡萄糖氧化酶的分泌表达。同时,重组菌株胞内表达的葡萄糖氧化酶最高酶活可达11.45U/mL,是出发菌株的266倍。此研究结果为简化葡萄糖氧化酶发酵生产工艺、提高酶产量提供了新的途径。     

Sweet taste receptor expression in ruminant intestine and its activation by artificial sweeteners to regulate glucose absorption

Absorption of glucose from the lumen of the intestine into enterocytes is accomplished by sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1). In the majority of mammalian species, expression (this includes activity) of SGLT1 is upregulated in response to increased dietary monosaccharides. This regulatory pathway is initiated by sensing of luminal sugar by the gut-expressed sweet taste receptor. The objectives of our studies were to determine (1) if the ruminant intestine expresses the sweet taste receptor, which consists of two subunits [taste 1 receptor 2 (T1R2) and 3 (T1R3)], and other key signaling molecules required for SGLT1 upregulation in nonruminant intestines, and (2) whether T1R2-T1R3 sensing of artificial sweeteners induces release of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and enhances SGLT1 expression. We found that the small intestine of sheep and cattle express T1R2, T1R3, G-protein gustducin, and GLP-2 in enteroendocrine L-cells. Maintaining 110-d-old ruminating calves for 60 d on a diet containing a starter concentrate and the artificial sweetener Sucram (consisting of saccharin and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone; Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland) enhances (1) Na⁺-dependent d-glucose uptake by over 3-fold, (2) villus height and crypt depth by 1.4- and 1.2-fold, and (3) maltase- and alkaline phosphatase-specific activity by 1.5-fold compared to calves maintained on the same diet without Sucram. No statistically significant differences were observed for rates of intestinal glucose uptake, villus height, crypt depth, or enzyme activities between 50-d-old milk-fed calves and calves maintained on the same diet containing Sucram. When adult cows were kept on a diet containing 80:20 ryegrass hay-to-concentrate supplemented with Sucram, more than a 7-fold increase in SGLT1 protein abundance was noted. Collectively, the data indicate that inclusion of this artificial sweetener enhances SGLT1 expression and mucosal growth in ruminant animals. Exposure of ruminant sheep intestinal segments to saccharin or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone evokes secretion of GLP-2, the gut hormone known to enhance intestinal glucose absorption and mucosal growth. Artificial sweeteners, such as Sucram, at small concentrations are potent activators of T1R2-T1R3 (600-fold > glucose). This, combined with oral bioavailability of T1R2-T1R3 and the understanding that artificial sweetener-induced receptor activation evokes GLP-2 release (thus leading to increased SGLT1 expression and mucosal growth), make this receptor a suitable target for dietary manipulation.     

马齿苋多糖对糖尿病大鼠血液生化指标的影响

目的：研究马齿苋多糖对糖尿病大鼠血液生化指标的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠造模后随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、马齿苋多糖大、中、小剂量[400、200、100mg／（kg·d）]组治疗4周后。检测空腹血糖、血脂、血清中胰岛素水平、c肽和糖化血红蛋白的变化。结果：马齿苋多糖大、中剂量治疗组可以明显降低血糖、血脂及胰岛素敏感性（P〈0．01）,明显增高胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）（P〈0．01）。结论：马齿苋多糖具有降低糖尿病大鼠血糖水平、改善机体胰岛素敏感性、调节血脂紊乱的功能。     

含葡萄糖培养基高温灭菌变色及其防范措施的研究

研究了葡萄糖浓度、pH值、硫酸铵及氨基酸对葡萄糖溶液高温变色的影响，结果表明pH值是葡萄糖溶液高温变色的主要因素；pH值低于5.5，并且避免与含氨离子化合物共同灭菌，可以有效防止色素的产生。     

Glucose Metabolism,Neural Cell Senescence and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an elderly neurodegenerative disorder with a high incidence and progressive memory decline, is one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases. To date, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully illustrated. Emerging studies have revealed that cellular senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain are the early hallmarks of AD. Moreover, cellular senescence and glucose metabolism disturbance in the brain of AD patients may precede amyloid-β deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming targeting senescent microglia and astrocytes may be a novel strategy for AD intervention and treatment. Here, we recapitulate the relationships between neural cell senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling, glucose and lactate metabolism) in AD. We then discuss the potential perspective of metabolic reprogramming towards an AD intervention, providing a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the pathogenesis of and therapeutic approach toward AD.     

TiGeW12O40/TiO2催化合成葡萄糖硬脂酸酯

以TiGeW12O40／TiO2为催化剂，对硬脂酸[CH3(CH2)16COOH]与葡萄糖(C6H12O6)的液相酯化反应进行了研究。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、酸糖摩尔比、带水剂用量等对合成葡萄糖硬脂酸酯的影响。结果表明，在硬脂酸与葡萄糖摩尔比1．2：1、催化剂用量占反应物总量的6％、反应温度110℃、反应时间2h、带水剂甲苯用量20mL条件下，葡萄糖硬脂酸酯的收率为89％。     

生物转化法生产2,3-丁二醇的研究

介绍国内外关于生物转化法生产2,3-丁二醇的研究情况,其中包括转化过程中菌种的选择及其改造、发酵底物的选择、发酵条件及产量、产物的分离提纯方法等。并对该生物转化过程提出一些新的改进方法,以期降低生产成本,解决日益严重的能源危机和环境污染等问题。     

正弦调制偏振光无创血糖检测的研究

常规的有创血糖检测方法有较多的局限性,光学无创血糖检测是糖尿病患者自我血糖评估的最佳方法,提出了一种偏振光无创血糖检测方法,将正弦调制偏振光通过血糖引起的微小偏振角的变化转化为电光调制器基频和倍频两个分量的变化,由相关原理高灵敏锁相放大器检测基频信号,控制法拉第线圈电流补偿血糖引起的偏转角变化,利用血糖浓度与法拉第线圈电流的线性关系,计算获得血糖浓度。以LX-20全自动生化分析仪测得的数据作为标准进行对比实验,葡萄糖溶液实验的相关系数为0.9952。研究表明偏振光无创血糖检测方法具有较高的检测灵敏度和准确度,为研制实用的新型无创血糖检测仪打下了基础。