椰子壳水解液中葡萄糖结晶分离工艺研究

分别测定不同浓度标准葡萄糖液在不同时间、温度、pH值和乙醇溶剂中的结晶量,从而确定了由椰子壳水解液中结晶分离葡萄糖的工艺条件。     

酸催化糖转化为5-羟甲基糠醛的动力学分析

在食品中,磷酸、柠檬酸等酸味物质可催化葡萄糖、果糖等甜味物质转化为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)。本研究中,将糖酸混合溶液放于安瓿瓶中,采用油浴加热,三种反应温度分别为373 K、393 K、413 K,以HPLC测定了加热时间8 h内的糖酸体系中5-HMF浓度随着时间的变化;利用origin 8.0对数据进行拟合,建立动力学模型。最终发现无机三元酸磷酸的催化效率高于有机三元酸柠檬酸,果糖转化程度高于葡萄糖。在葡萄糖磷酸体系(GP)、葡萄糖柠檬酸体系(GL)、果糖磷酸体系(FP)、果糖柠檬酸体系(FL)中,5-HMF的浓度随着时间的延长呈直线上升,符合零级动力学模型。动力学分析得到四种反应体系的反应活化能(Ea)分别为109.16k J/mol、121.09 k J/mol、102.89 k J/mol、112.36 k J/mol,GP体系中Ea最高,FL体系中最低。在糖酸食品热加工过程中,磷酸、果糖的含量对食品中的5-HMF含量影响很大。     

桑叶-苦瓜混合粉对正常小鼠血糖血脂和抗氧化能力的影响

探讨桑叶-苦瓜混合粉对正常小鼠血糖、血脂、抗氧化能力的影响,为评价桑叶-苦瓜混合粉是否适用于正常人群提供参考。用不同质量浓度的桑叶-苦瓜混合液灌胃正常小鼠30 d,测定小鼠体质量、血糖浓度、糖耐量、脂代谢和抗氧化的相关指标。结果表明：与对照组比较,桑叶-苦瓜混合粉显著抑制正常小鼠体质量增加,随灌胃质量浓度增加该作用趋于平稳;当灌胃0.20 g/mL桑叶-苦瓜混合粉时,对血糖浓度无明显影响,雌、雄小鼠血糖曲线下面积下降率分别为14.18%、15.69%,肝糖原含量分别增加1.93、1.98 倍;血清总胆固醇浓度分别下降17.19%、18.92%,甘油三酯浓度分别下降15.00%、16.79%,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度分别下降41.67%、45.83%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度分别上升64.52%、72.22%;肝脏丙二醛含量分别下降36.71%、37.73%,超氧化物歧化酶活力分别上升41.77%、48.41%,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力分别上升29.04%、27.21%。桑叶-苦瓜混合粉对正常小鼠的血糖、血脂水平和抗氧化功能有调节作用,不会对健康造成不利影响。     

The Emi2 Protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a Hexokinase Expressed under Glucose Limitation

Hexokinases catalyze glucose phosphorylation at the first step in glycolysis in eukaryotes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , three enzymes for glucose phosphorylation have long been known: Hxk1, Hxk2, and Glk1. In this study, we focus on Emi2, a previously uncharacterized hexokinase-like protein of S. cerevisiae . Our data show that the recombinant Emi2 protein (rEmi2), expressed in Escherichia coli , possesses glucose-phosphorylating activity in the presence of ATP and Mg ²⁺ . It was also found that rEmi2 phosphorylates not only glucose but also fructose, mannose and glucosamine in vitro . In addition, we examined changes in the level of endogenous Emi2 protein in S. cerevisiae in the presence or absence of glucose and a non-fermentable carbon source. We found that the expression of Emi2 protein is tightly suppressed during proliferation in high glucose, while it is strongly upregulated in response to glucose limitation and the presence of a non-fermentable carbon source. Our data suggest that the expression of the endogenous Emi2 protein in S. cerevisiae is regulated under the control of Hxk2 in response to glucose availability in the environment.     

家蚕丝素粉对糖尿病预防作用的研究

研究了家蚕丝素粉对糖尿病小鼠的预防作用和对正常小鼠血糖及葡萄糖的耐受作用。结果表明,家蚕丝素粉在1000mg/kg和3000mg/kg的剂量下,糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖值明显低于模型组23.38%和38.22%,达到了显著水平;家蚕丝素粉对正常小鼠血糖无明显降低作用;家蚕丝素粉在1000mg/kg和3000mg/kg的剂量下具有明显增强正常小鼠的葡萄糖耐受作用,而且达到了显著水平。     

Use of Lactobacillus plantarum and glucose to control the fermentation of "Bella di Cerignola" table olives, a traditional variety of Apulian region (Southern Italy)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from table olives "Bella di Cerignola," a traditional variety of Apulian region (Southern Italy), as a starter for this kind of food. We focused on the interaction of the starter with the natural occurring microflora, the quantitative/qualitative composition of yeast population, the decrease of pH, and the content of organic acids. After a preliminary characterization, 3 strains of Lb. plantarum, selected for their probiotic and technological performances, were used as a multiple-strain starter and inoculated (approximately 2%) in olives, processed according to Spanish style, brined at 8% and 10% of NaCl and added with 0.5% of glucose. The combination of the starter and glucose assured a correct fermentation course, decreasing the pH up to a safe value (4.3 to 4.5) and controlled the growth of yeasts. The concentrations of both L- and D-lactic acids increased throughout the fermentation, while citric and malic acids (both the isomers D and L) remained at low levels (0.2 to 0.4 g/L). Concerning yeast species, Candida guilliermondii was mainly isolated at the beginning (7 to 14 d), while C. famata prevailed at the end of fermentation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: To the question "How to standardize and maintain quality of "Bella di Cerignola" olives (Southern Italy)" we can suggest the following answer: use Lb. plantarum and a low amount of glucose (0.5%). The result is a decrease of the pH below the safety break point.     

葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展

葡萄糖氧化酶是一种需氧脱氢酶,对人体无毒、副作用,能利用氧将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸而有效除氧,因而广泛用于抗氧化剂、葡萄糖酸、尿糖试纸和生物传感器的生产。本文综述了葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展。     

低血糖指数食品的研究进展

介绍血糖指数的概念和一些常见淀粉食品的血糖指数,综述了低血糖指数食品相对于高血糖指数食品在血糖和胰岛素的控制、运动时全力的维持和产生饱腹感这些有关人体代谢和健康方面的不同作用,讨论了食品的组成、化学结构和物理结构对血糖指数的影响,最后提出低血糖指数食品开发的意义和策略。     

GLUCOSE OXIDASE REACTION FOR ESTIMATION OF GLUCOSE WITHOUT HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. SOME MICROBIOLOGICAL AND FERMENTATION APPLICATIONS

An enzymic method has been developed for analysis of glucose. Glucose oxidase acts on glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide which acts to directly reduce the green Cu(II) 2–2′-bicinchoninate complex to a violet complex without horseradish peroxidase. A concentration range of 20–200 μM glucose was used but the reaction shows a linear range of 20–800 μM glucose. Interference is controlled by using a blank determination which has not been treated with glucose oxidase. The reaction has been used to estimate glucose levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation and α-amylase, invertase and β-galactosidase reactions and coloured corn-steep fermentation media.