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21.
以葡萄糖为辅助底物发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
采用Klebsiellapneumoniae对葡萄糖作为辅助底物发酵生产 1 ,3 丙二醇进行了研究。结果表明葡萄糖单独作为底物发酵时不生成 1 ,3 丙二醇。以葡萄糖和甘油为混合底物时 ,则可以显著提高菌体浓度 ,但是 1 ,3 丙二醇浓度和甘油到 1 ,3 丙二醇转化率没有提高。在甘油为底物的批式发酵过程中 ,通过流加葡萄糖作为辅助底物可以提高甘油到 1 ,3 丙二醇的摩尔转化率 ,同时可缩短发酵时间。通过选择合适的葡萄糖流加速率 ,较以甘油为单一底物的发酵结果 ,1 ,3 丙二醇的摩尔转化率最高可达0 649,提高了 53 4% ;生产强度为 1 0 0 5g/ (L·h) ,提高了 1 39 9%。 相似文献
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Soluble sugars are essential nutrients generally perceived as phagostimulants to most insects studied. However, tannins are known as digestibility reducers, hence deleterious to caterpillar development, and as deterrents as well. Previous work demonstrated that larvae of the polyphagous oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, performed better when reared on a control + 0.5% tannic acid diet than on the standard control diet and that larvae reared on a control + 5% glucose diet had slower development and reduced survival. This study was designed to elucidate the behavioral and neurophysiological components of the larval responses to tannic acid and glucose. C. rosaceana larvae were reared individually from the first to the sixth instar on one of four different artificial diets: (1) control; (2) control + 5% glucose; (3) control + 0.5% tannic acid; (4) control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid. After 14 days, larvae reared on the control + 5% glucose diet had not developed past the fourth instar, whereas a considerable proportion of larvae reared on the control + 0.5% tannic acid diet had already attained the pupal stage. Insects reared on the control or the control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid diet had intermediate development, with most larvae in the fifth instar. In addition, once the mid-sixth instar was reached, the feeding preferences to 25 and 300 mM glucose, 25 mM tannic acid, and 25 mM glucose + 25 mM tannic acid over water were assessed in two-choice tests. Feeding affected preference. Control-reared insects preferred feeding on treatments containing glucose and were not deterred by tannic acid. However, larvae that had been exposed to tannic acid during their development were deterred by tannic acid and their glucose discrimination was impaired. The sensitivity to glucose was also examined from neurophysiological recordings by stimulating the sugar-sensitive cell (cell 1) on the lateral styloconic sensillum of the maxillary galea with increasing concentrations of glucose (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mM). We also determined whether tannic acid was phagostimulatory, since insects develop relatively quickly on a diet containing this compound, by testing 1 mM tannic acid, 1 mM tannic acid + 300 mM glucose, and 300 mM glucose on the lateral styloconic sensilla. The traces indicated that 1 mM tannic acid was not detected by any of the four chemosensory cells in these sensilla. The combination of tannic acid and glucose produced no spikes from the sugar-sensitive cell, whereas a prominent spike activity resulted with 300 mM glucose. We concluded that, although C. rosaceana larvae develop faster on a tannic acid diet, this compound is not a phagostimulant. The converse is true for glucose; i.e., it stimulates the sugar-sensitive cell in the lateral styloconica in a concentration-dependent fashion. Previous dietary experience changes the sensory and behavioral responses of C. rosaceana to glucose. Our findings imply that not all compounds that are phagostimulatory are necessarily beneficial to an insect's fitness. Therefore, developmental studies should be interpreted in conjunction with behavioral and physiological data. 相似文献
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Joseph C. Goffreda Martha A. Mutschler Dirk A. Avé Ward M. Tingey John C. Steffens 《Journal of chemical ecology》1989,15(7):2135-2147
Settling of the potato aphid,Macrosiphum euphorbiae, on feeding membranes was deterred by methanolic leaf rinses ofLycopersicon pennellii, or of its F1 with tomato,L. esculentum. The active compounds in theL. pennellii rinsates were identified as 2,3,4-tri-O-acylglucoses bearing short to medium chain length fatty acids. These compounds are localized in the glandular exudate of the type IV trichomes and may accumulate to levels in excess of 400 g/cm2. In choice assays, purified glucose esters fromL. pennellii reduced aphid settling at concentrations as low as 25 g/cm2; at concentrations of 150 g/cm2 or more, all aphids avoided treated areas. Glucose esters were also active in deterring aphid settling in no-choice assays. At 100 g/ cm2, these esters resulted in increased levels of mortality after 48 hr. 相似文献
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用TiO2凝胶包埋葡萄糖氧化酶电化学传感器(GOD/TiO2)测定纤维素酶(CE)的活性,即基于电极对纤维素水解后生成葡萄糖的催化氧化。考察了各种实验条件对CE酶活性测定的影响。实验表明,GOD/TiO2电极检测电位为+0.50Vvs.SCE,稳态响应电流与纤维素酶活性在10~300U/L之间有线性关系,该方法可用于微量羧甲基纤维素酶活性测定。 相似文献
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从土样中分离出34株脂肪酶产生菌,在维多利亚蓝培养基上初筛出透明圈与菌落直径比值较大的6株菌,复筛出产脂肪酶活性较高的菌株FM-1,其所产脂肪酶主要为胞内酶,产脂肪酶活力为132 U/g cell。通过反复的驯化培养方式将菌株FM-1驯化成耐甲醇的优良菌株。在甲醇质量浓度为11 mg/L的培养基中驯化后的脂肪酶相对活力为35%,而出发菌株在此环境中不能生长。 相似文献
30.
A new reaction system was designed to economically convert glucose to lactic acid environment-friendly. Hydrophobic ionic liquids were chosen as solvent that can promote the decomposition reaction of glucose, and the catalytic performance of the solid bases was evaluated. Both the reaction temperature and time can affect the yield of lactic acid. A high yield (97%) of lactic acid was achieved under the optimal reaction condition. The 1H NMR spectra and HPLC-MS were used to identify the formation of the lact... 相似文献