Effect of puerarin on the P13K pathway for glucose transportation and insulin signal transduction in adipocytes

To explore the effect of puerarin on insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and protein expression of protein kinase B(PKB) in the P13K pathway of the glucose consumption, transportation and insulin signal transduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin resistance. The insulin resistance 3T3-L1 adipocytes model was established by free fatty acid induction. The model cells were managed with puerarin in different concentrations. Glucose consumption was detected with glucose oxidase method, glucose transportation rate was determined by 2-deoxy-3H glucose ingesting method, and the IR, IRS-1 and PKB expression were determined by Western blot. Glucose consumption and transportation were significantly decreased in the model adipocytes, but increased after treated with puerarin (P<0.01). Moreover, the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of IR subunit β was higher in the puerarin treated groups, and that of IRS-1 was higher in the group treated with low dose puerarin than that in the model group. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes of insulin resistance model could be induced by free fatty acid successfully, puerarin could promote the glucose utilization in them to alleviate the insulin resistance, which may be related with the action in advancing the tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1.     

富金花茯茶水提物对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠的降血糖功效研究

研究富金花茯茶水提物对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠的降血糖功效.采用四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病小鼠,随机分为模型组、阳性药组、富金花茯茶低剂量组、富金花茯茶高剂量组、黑毛茶低剂量组、黑毛茶高剂量组6个组,另选10只健康小鼠作为空白组.每4 d记录小鼠体重及进食量,每6 d断尾检测空腹血糖值.末次灌胃后禁食16 h,断尾检测空腹血糖值;并摘眼球取血,离心取上清按照试剂盒方法测定血清中TC、TG、HDL、LDL含量.结果表明,富金花茯茶、黑毛茶水提取均能缓解糖尿病小鼠消瘦和多食多尿的症状.富金花茯茶与黑毛茶均能有效降低糖尿病小鼠血糖值（P〈0.05）,其中富金花茯茶高剂量组小鼠血糖值明显低于黑毛茶高剂量组（P〈0.05）;且两组提取物均能降低小鼠血清中TC、TG、HDL浓度,对LDL和肝体比基本无影响.综上所述,富金花茯茶的降糖功效要明显优于原料黑毛茶.     

基于空心微针阵列的连续监测葡萄糖传感器

研制了一种基于空心微针阵列并可微痛刺入皮下实时连续监测人体血糖浓度的葡萄糖传感器.微针阵列由等间距的三根微针组成,分别作为工作电极、辅助电极和参比电极,其中工作电极与辅助电极采用表面溅射了Ti/Pt的空心不锈钢微针来制作,采用戊二醛-牛血清白蛋白交联法将葡萄糖氧化酶固定并仅置于作为工作电极的针尖通孔处;参比电极采用Ag/AgCl实心微针制作.测试结果表明:葡萄糖浓度在0～21 mmol·L-1范围内传感器输出电流为线性,灵敏度为0.575 μA/(mmol·L-1),响应时间为16s,且具有很好的抗干扰性.     

葡萄糖的测定方法与应用研究进展

葡萄糖是维持生物体生命、促进生物体生长必须的一种营养成分,葡萄糖的含量测定在发酵、制药、临床诊断等领域具有重要的作用.简要介绍了葡萄糖在生物体中的作用,并详细综述了近年来测定葡萄糖的方法及其在实际应用中的研究进展.最后,对葡萄糖测定方法的的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于CDMA和2.4G通信的无线远程血糖监护网络

目前,针对糖尿病的主要治疗方法为用血糖仪频繁测量患者体内的血糖含量,据此对患者的血糖代谢进行调节.借鉴无线传感器网络及体域网相关的技术与思想,利用CDMA蜂窝移动通信技术与2.4G射频通信技术设计了一个可用于监护个人及小区域内多人血糖情况的无线远程血糖监护网络系统.此血糖监护网络能够实现糖尿病的远程诊疗,拉近医患距离,减轻患者痛苦.重点介绍了血糖监护网络的网络架构,详细描述了网络节点CDMA和2.4G无线通信功能的设计与实现.     

基于小波去噪的神经网络软测量在血糖浓度估计中的应用

由于皮下间隙液葡萄糖的易测性和测量过程中传感器感染血液的低风险性, 皮下间隙液一直是血糖监测的首选位置. 但皮下间隙液葡萄糖浓度的变化总是滞后于血糖浓度的变化, 而且测量过程中会引入噪声, 不能准确地估测血糖值, 针对这一问题提出了一种基于小波去噪的神经网络软测量方法. 该方法先对与血糖相关的一些辅助变量进行去噪处理, 然后用来训练神经网络, 建立血糖软测量模型. 通过对1号、2号成年人采集的仿真数据进行实验, 结果表明, 运用该方法得到的测量结果比皮下间隙液葡萄糖值具有更小的均方根误差、更好的信噪比、以及更小的测量延时.     

基于STC单片机的便携式快速血糖仪的设计与实现

介绍一种基于电流型生物传感器——葡萄糖氧化酶电极和STC单片机STC12C5410AD的微功耗便携式快速血糖测试仪。详细说明了血糖检测仪的工作原理、各模块的硬件电路及主程序工作流程,并给出了温度测量与实时时钟电路。仪器测试范围为1.1~33.3mmol/L;变异系数CV不大于3%;测试时间小于5 s;历史记录存储量180组;测试温度范围为10~45℃,具有自动温度补偿校正功能。     

Data-enabled learning and control algorithms for intelligent glucose management: The state of the art

External insulin administration is an effective way for patients with diabetes mellitus to regulate their blood glucose. Multiple daily injections (MDIs), sensor-augmented pump (SAP) and artificial pancreas (AP) are widely adopted approaches in insulin therapy. With the increasing popularity of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors, a large number of data-enabled learning and control algorithms have been developed for MDI, SAP and AP. In this paper, we perform a systemic review concerning the state-of-the-art methodologies that are developed for MDI, SAP and AP with feedback from CGM data or other available data, from a systems and control perspective. The review characterizes the traditional learning and control methods developed for the MDI, SAP and AP, including run-to-run control, proportional–integral–derivative control, fuzzy logic control and model predictive control, as well as the discussions on the roles of machine learning technologies in MDI, SAP and AP. Finally, potential future directions on the algorithm architecture design, a unified control framework for MDI, SAP and AP algorithm design and practical usage of the MDI, SAP and AP are discussed.     

Immobilization of Pt Nanoparticles via Rapid and Reusable Electropolymerization of Dopamine on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Reversible SERS Substrates and Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensors

Inspired by mussel‐adhesion phenomena in nature, polydopamine (PDA) coatings are a promising route to multifunctional platforms for decorating various materials. The typical self‐polymerization process of dopamine is time‐consuming and the coatings of PDA are not reusable. Herein, a reusable and time‐saving strategy for the electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (EPD) is reported. The PDA layer is deposited on vertically aligned TiO₂ nanotube arrays (NTAs). Owing to the abundant catechol and amine groups in the PDA layer, uniform Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto the TiO₂ NTAs and can effectively prevent the recombination of electron–hole pairs generated from photo‐electrocatalysis and transfer the captured electrons to participate in the photo‐electrocatalytic reaction process. Compared with pristine TiO₂ NTAs, the as‐prepared Pt@TiO₂ NTA composites exhibit surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity for detecting rhodamine 6G and display excellent UV‐assisted self‐cleaning ability, and also show promise as a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor. Furthermore, the mussel‐inspired electropolymerization strategy and the fast EPD‐reduced nanoparticle decorating process presented herein can be readily extended to various functional substrates, such as conductive glass, metallic oxides, and semiconductors. It is the adaptation of the established PDA system for a selective, robust, and generalizable sensing system that is the emphasis of this work.