Fatty Acids and Metabolomic Composition of Follicular Fluid Collected from Environments Associated with Good and Poor Oocyte Competence in Goats

In goats, embryo oocyte competence is affected by follicle size regardless the age of the females. In previous studies we have found differences in blastocyst development between oocytes coming of small (<3 mm) and large follicles (>3 mm) in prepubertal (1–2 months-old) goats. Oocyte competence and Follicular Fluid (FF) composition changes throughout follicle growth. The aim of this study was to analyze Fatty Acids (FAs) composition and metabolomic profiles of FF recovered from small and large follicles of prepubertal goats and follicles of adult goats. FAs were analyzed by chromatography and metabolites by 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectrometry. The results showed important differences between adult and prepubertal follicles: (a) the presence of α,β-glucose in adult and no detection in prepubertal; (b) lactate, -N-(CH3)3 groups and inositol were higher in prepubertal (c) the percentage of Linolenic Acid, Total Saturated Fatty Acids and n-3 PUFAs were higher in adults; and (d) the percentage of Linoleic Acid, total MUFAs, PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs: n-3 PUFAs ratio were higher in prepubertal goats. Not significant differences were found in follicle size of prepubertal goats, despite the differences in oocyte competence for in vitro embryo production.     

Glucose Metabolism,Neural Cell Senescence and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an elderly neurodegenerative disorder with a high incidence and progressive memory decline, is one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases. To date, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully illustrated. Emerging studies have revealed that cellular senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain are the early hallmarks of AD. Moreover, cellular senescence and glucose metabolism disturbance in the brain of AD patients may precede amyloid-β deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming targeting senescent microglia and astrocytes may be a novel strategy for AD intervention and treatment. Here, we recapitulate the relationships between neural cell senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling, glucose and lactate metabolism) in AD. We then discuss the potential perspective of metabolic reprogramming towards an AD intervention, providing a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the pathogenesis of and therapeutic approach toward AD.     

甘薯糖蛋白SPG-1的分离纯化及其降血糖作用研究

经水溶提取、乙醇沉淀、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析等步骤，从广薯98中分离到甘薯糖蛋白组分SPG-1，经SDS一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和凝胶过滤层析鉴定，为单一组分甘薯糖蛋白纯品。SPG-的糖含量为98．4％，蛋白舍量为1．6％，等电点为5．03。通过灌胃给药，研究了SPG-1对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响，结果表明SPG-1对正常小鼠的血糖没有明显影响（p〉0．05），对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠具有明显（p〈0．01）的降血糖功能。     

固体酸SO42-/TiO2催化葡萄糖制备乙酰丙酸甲酯

通过沉淀.浸渍法制备了一系列不同焙烧温度的SO<,4><'2->/TiO<,2>固体酸催化剂,用于在甲醇中催化转化葡萄糖制备乙酰丙酸甲酯,探讨了不同反应条件及催化剂重复使用次数对乙酰丙酸甲酯得率的影响,并利用XRD和NH<,3>-TPD对使用前后的催化剂的结构和酸性进行了表征.实验结果表明:500℃焙烧3h的催化剂,在...     

A proteomic approach to cold acclimation of Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976 grown at room and human body temperatures

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic microorganism that has been associated with serious infection problems in different fields, from food to clinic. In the present study, we have taken into account that the main reservoirs of this microorganism are the human body and some parts of food processing plants, which have normal temperatures of around 37 and 25 °C, respectively. It can be expected that S. aureus must acclimate its metabolism to colder temperatures before growing in food matrices. Since temperature abuse for foods occurs at approximately 12 °C, it is expected that S. aureus must acclimate its metabolism to colder temperatures before growing in food. For this reason, we have performed a proteomic comparison between exponential- and stationary-phase cultures of S. aureus CECT 976 acclimated to 12 °C after growing at 25 °C or 37 °C. The analysis led to the identification of two different protein patterns associated with cold acclimation, denominated pattern A and pattern B. The first was characteristic of cultures at stationary phase of growth, grown at 25 °C and acclimated to 12 °C. The second appeared in the rest of experimental cases. Pattern A was distinguished by the presence of glycolytic proteins, whereas pattern B was differentiated by the presence of general stress and regulatory proteins. Pattern A was related through physiological experiments with a cross-resistance to acid pH, whereas pattern B conferred resistance to nisin. This prompted us to conclude that both molecular strategies could be valid, in vivo, for the process of acclimation of S. aureus to cold temperatures.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定啤酒中果糖、葡萄糖的含量

建立啤酒中微量果糖和葡萄糖的超高效液相色谱-四极杆质谱联用测定方法。该方法中样品经过滤后直接上机测试,用Waters Acquity色谱柱（2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7 μm）进行分离,流动相采用水∶乙腈（10∶90,V/V）,以电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测模式进行检测。该方法测定果糖的线性范围为1.25～30 mg/L,线性相关系数R2=1,检出限为0.05 mg/L;葡萄糖的线性范围为2～50 mg/L,线性相关系数R2=0.999 9,检出限为0.49 mg/L。将方法用于实际样品检测,结果灵敏、准确、重现性好。     

黄芪多糖铬络合物的合成及其降血糖活性的初步研究

从黄芪药材中提取了黄芪多糖,制备黄芪多糖的铬络合物,并研究了黄芪多糖及其铬络合物对链脲佐菌素致高血糖小鼠模型的降糖作用。提取的黄芪多糖经过纯化后,在碱性条件下与三价铬离子络合,用IR、UV手段初步表征了络合物的形成。用链脲佐菌素致高血糖小鼠,药物分低、中、高三个剂量组给药,黄芪多糖铬络合物低、中、高三个剂量组与给药前相比都能显著降低高血糖小鼠的血糖（p〈0.05）,而黄芪多糖仅低剂量组与给药前相比有降糖效果（p〈0.05）。因而黄芪多糖铬络合物具有比黄芪多糖更强的降糖效果,有一定的开发前景。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在果汁保鲜中的应用

介绍了葡萄糖氧化酶作为果汁保鲜剂的作用机理及对果汁品质的影响，通过对在果汁中加入葡萄糖氧化酶进行抗氧化及抑制褐变实验，证明葡萄糖氧化酶可有效防止果汁氧化及抑制果汁褐变，对延长产品的保质期和保持果汁风味具有明显效果。同时葡萄糖氧化酶与增效剂联合使用，抗氧化和抑制褐变效果更好。     

葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展

葡萄糖氧化酶是一种需氧脱氢酶,对人体无毒、副作用,能利用氧将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸而有效除氧,因而广泛用于抗氧化剂、葡萄糖酸、尿糖试纸和生物传感器的生产。本文综述了葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展。