硫代葡萄糖甙毒理和菜籽饼粕喂养试验

菜籽饼粕中含有完整的硫代葡萄糖甙,和它的降解物硫氰酸盐,异硫氰酸盐,(口恶)唑烷硫酮和腈,都是毒性物质。用啮齿动物、家禽和猪进行菜籽饼粕喂养试验,测定硫代葡萄糖甙的降解物抗营养作用。动物试验结果证明,喂硫代葡萄糖甙及其降解物含量高的菜籽饼粕能够引起增重率下降、甲状腺肿大和肝脏出血。     

萝卜籽中活性成分提取及抑菌效果的研究

实验以水为提取剂,利用超声波辅助提取的方法对萝卜种子进行破碎提取,在单因素实验基础上,实验选定温度、水料质量比、提取时间和超声功率4个因素进行正交实验,确定最佳提取条件为超声波功率70W、破碎时间30min、破碎温度40℃、水料质量比15．对萝卜籽提取液的抑菌效果实验结果表明,提取液的抑菌效果随硫苷含量的增加而增加,对比实验表明最优的提取条件下所得提取液抑菌效果最好．     

Effect of post‐harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli

Broccoli is a very perishable vegetable with a high water content (around 88%) which leads to rapid dehydration and probably to an alteration in composition if conditions after harvest are not controlled. This study evaluates the glucosinolate pattern and glucosinolate levels in the principal and secondary inflorescences of fresh broccoli cv ‘Tokyodome’, and after being submitted to some situations which are likely to occur during or after harvest: room temperature (±20 °C) for 5 days, kept in the fridge at 4 °C for 5 days, and frozen after blanching. Another set of material was harvested 5 days later, simulating a post‐maturation stage, and analysed. The highest total glucosinolate content was found at commercial maturation with 20 888 and 20 355 µmoles kg⁻¹ DW in the principal and secondary inflorescences, respectively. Keeping the inflorescences at room temperature caused the most significant (P < 0.05) reductions in total and individual glucosinolates, except for 4‐hydroxyindol‐3‐ylmethyl‐, 2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl‐ and 2‐phenylethyl‐, when compared to the other situations. The highest levels (10 925 µmoles kg⁻¹ DW) of 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl‐, the precursor of the anti‐cancer isothiocyanate sulphoraphane, were found in the inflorescences freshly harvested at commercial stage. Refrigeration at 4 °C and freezing were shown to be the best preservation processes for maintaining high levels of these and other glucosinolates in contrast with the other situations. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

The glucosinolates sinigrin and progoitrin are important determinants for taste preference and bitterness of Brussels sprouts

The glucosinolates, sinigrin and progoitrin, are related to the bitterness observed in Brussels sprouts. The role of these glucosinolates in taste preference for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var gemmifera) was studied with two different consumer taste panels and an analytical panel. Four different taste trials were conducted between 1989 and 1995 to study the role of sinigrin and progoitrin on taste preference and bitterness of sprouts. Sinigrin and progoitrin correlated negatively with taste preference of sprouts when their combined content was higher than 2·2 g kg⁻¹. Under these conditions the overall preference for different Brussels sprouts cultivars, in two different trial designs, was accounted for, respectively, 64 (Novartis Seeds BV) and 86% (TNO) by the contents of the glucosinolates sinigrin and progoitrin. In two additional trials, in which the combined content of sinigrin and progoitrin of all cultivars was below 2·2 g kg⁻¹, no relationship between taste preference and the content of both glucosinolates was observed. In the latter trials the content of sinigrin and progoitrin was found to be correlated with bitterness (r²_multiple = 0·67 and 0·93, respectively) as assessed by an analytical panel. The results of the taste trials show that both bitterness and taste preference for sprouts are correlated with the content of sinigrin and progoitrin. Taste preference for sprouts is only correlated with sinigrin and progoitrin when their combined content exceeds 2·2 g kg⁻¹, while bitterness is correlated with both glucosinolates for the whole studied content range. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Indoleacetonitriles—thermal degradation products of indole glucosinolates in commercial rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal

Commercial low-glucosinolate rapeseed (Brassica napus L) meal (LG RSM) was extracted with dichloromethane and subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 to isolate indole-containing compounds which were detected using TLC. Thin layer chromatography of dichloromethane extracts of various heat-treated preparations of defatted low-glucosinolate rapeseed cv Westar was also used to establish the origin of the major indole derivative. One of the minor components was identified as 3-indoleacetonitrile (IAN) based on comparisons of GLC retention times and mass spectral data with authentic IAN. The major indole derivative was identified as 4-hydroxy-3-indoleacetonitrile by comparison of mass spectral data with that for IAN and by establishing its precursor as 4-hydroxy-3-indolylmethylglucosinolate.     

利用大孔树脂提取辣根中硫代葡萄糖甙条件的研究

通过对12种大孔树脂对硫代葡萄糖甙的吸附和脱附能力的比较研究，发现大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂13201GF选择性吸附硫甙的能力最强，且硫甙容易被洗脱，可用于从水溶液中提取分离硫甙。当利用D201GF提取硫甙时，探讨了提取液体积、pH、提取温度、吸附时间等因素对D201GF吸附硫甙的影响以及洗脱剂的种类、最小使用量、洗脱时间等因素对硫甙脱附的影响。研究结果表明，13201GF树脂的最大饱和吸附量为23．94μmol／g、吸附率96．29％；pH值对D201GF吸附硫甙几乎没有影响，不需要在吸附前对提取液进行pH值的调整，最佳提取温度50℃、振摇时间为15min；最佳的洗脱剂是1mol／L的NaCl，振摇30min即可达到99％的脱附效果。     

Potential bioactive compounds in health promotion from broccoli cultivars grown in Spain

Glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and vitamin C were evaluated in two commercial and 12 experimental cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica) grown under uniform cultural conditions. The predominant glucosinolates in all broccoli cultivars were 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) and 3‐indolylmethyl glucosinolate (glucobrassicin). Other glucosinolates such as 4‐OH‐glucobrassicin and N‐methoxyglucobrassicin were detected in lower amounts. The total glucosinolate concentration ranged from 3.0 µmol g^?1 dw (dry weight) in Pentathlon (experimental cultivar) to 28.3 µmol g^?1 dw in I‐9905 (experimental cultivar). Flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives and sinapic acid derivatives were quantified in methanol extracts. The largest content of flavonoids was found in the commercial cultivars Marathon and Lord, around 60 mg kg^?1 fw (fresh weight). The vitamin C content of broccoli ranged from 43.1 mg per 100 g fw in Lord (commercial cultivar) to 146.3 mg per 100 g fw in SG‐4515 (experimental cultivar). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

硫代葡萄糖苷对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用

硫代葡萄糖苷(硫苷)是广泛存在于十字花科蔬菜中的次级代谢产物,具有丰富的生物活性。硫苷存在于十字花科蔬菜的根、茎、叶和种子中,但主要存在于种子中。近年来的流行病学研究发现,食用十字花科蔬菜能降低多种癌症的患病危险。本文以十字花科蔬菜芥菜属白芥子中的硫代葡萄糖苷为研究对象,采用MTT法研究了不同浓度的硫苷提取物不同时间作用下对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果表明,硫苷提取物对SGC-7901、HepG2、NCI-H446细胞都具有显著的抑制作用,说明该提取物具有普遍的抗肿瘤作用。