当量生物素控制对谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵产L-异亮氨酸的影响

以谷氨酸棒杆菌YILM 1504为出发菌,研究了生物素对L-异亮氨酸产量的影响。基于多梯度生物素对比实验及中后期生物素外源添加实验,确定了发酵液中最佳生物素浓度及补料工艺。结果显示:在低浓度生物素发酵液中,最适生物素浓度为45μg/L,此时产酸达到42.5g/L,糖酸转化率达到最高,为13.4%;在大于60μg/L高浓度生物素发酵液中,产酸最高为22g/L,表明高浓度生物素不利于产酸发酵。在5L发酵罐中,初始生物素浓度为30μg/L,18,32,42h分别添加10g/L玉米浆(15μg/L生物素),54h产酸量达到了44.5g/L,比初始生物素浓度为30μg/L,后期不补料产酸量提高了49.8%。     

溶氧浓度对谷氨酸发酵关键酶的影响

谷氨酸发酵中,不同溶氧条件对产物谷氨酸和主要副产物乳酸的生成积累影响很大。文中研究了不同溶氧条件下和几种非正常条件下的谷氨酸发酵中主要关键酶(谷氨酸脱氢酶和乳酸脱氢酶)的变化规律,为谷氨酸发酵的进一步优化和控制提供了基础数据。     

Curcumin inhibits glutamate release from rat prefrontal nerve endings by affecting vesicle mobilization

Curcumin, one of the major constituents of Curcuma longa, has been shown to inhibit depolarization-evoked glutamate release from rat prefrontocortical nerve terminals by reducing voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry. This study showed that curcumin inhibited ionomycin-induced glutamate release and KCl-evoked FM1-43 release, suggesting that some steps after Ca(2+) entry are regulated by curcumin. Furthermore, disrupting the cytoskeleton organization using cytochalasin D abolished the inhibitory action of curcumin on ionomycin-induced glutamate release. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition also prevented the inhibitory effect of curcumin on ionomycin-induced glutamate release. Western blot analyses showed that curcumin decreased the ionomycin-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and synaptic vesicle-associated protein synapsin I, the main presynaptic target of ERK. These results show that curcumin-mediated inhibition of glutamate release involves modulating downstream events by controlling synaptic vesicle recruitment and exocytosis, possibly through a decrease of MAPK/ERK activation and synapsin I phosphorylation, thereby decreasing synaptic vesicle availability for exocytosis.     

732阳离子交换树脂对屎肠球菌谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的促进作用

通过对732阳离子交换树脂对屎肠球菌谷氨酸脱羧酶（glutamate decarboxylase,GAD,EC4.1.1.15）活性的影响进行探讨,构建了732阳离子交换树脂-细胞GAD复合转化体系。结果表明：经含0.2?mol/L?L-谷氨酸（L-glutamic acid,L-Glu）的0.2?mol/L乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液（pH?4.2）平衡的732阳离子交换树脂可显著提高屎肠球菌细胞GAD的转化活性,γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）产量较对照组增加了32.30%;L-Glu/谷氨酸一钠（monosodium glutamate,MSG）（2∶1）固体混合物能有效调节反应体系的pH值和维持反应液的底物浓度,显著增加GABA产量,当添加量为30?g/L时,GABA产量较不添加L-Glu/MSG（2∶1）固体混合物的对照组提高了52.40%;732阳离子交换树脂与L-Glu/MSG（2∶1）固体混合物对细胞GAD的转化活性具有协同促进作用,适宜的732阳离子交换树脂-细胞GAD复合转化体系组成为732阳离子交换树脂10?g、0.3?mol/L?MSG溶液（溶于0.2?mol/L乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液,pH?4.2）10?mL、100?mg/mL屎肠球菌细胞悬液10?mL和L-Glu/MSG（2∶1）混合物30?g/L。在该反应体系下,80?r/min、40?℃水浴振荡器反应24?h,GABA产量为（4.57±0.11）mmol,较对照组GABA产量（（2.29±0.08）mmol）提高了99.56%。     

纳滤膜技术在味精二道母液脱色中的应用研究

味精的主要成分是谷氨酸钠，生产过程中会产生大量的色素，从而影响了产品的质量。现有生产工艺中，采用的是活性炭进行脱色，这种工艺的弊端在于生产成本高，生产环境差等问题。本文结合杭州味精厂二道母液现场试验，介绍纳滤膜分离技术在味精二道母液脱色中的应用情况，为今后味精母液脱色提供参考。     

FIA型微生物探针动态响应过程的研究Ⅰ──谷氨酸的测定

将固定化细胞柱和简单的流动注射系统相结合，以大肠杆菌（Ｅ．Ｃｏｌｉ）为工作菌株配合ＣＯ＿２选择性电极，制成谷氨酸微生物传感器。它具有以下特性：传感器对谷氨酸溶液的适用测量浓度范围为４００～２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ谷氨酸；一个样品的检测在２０ｍｉｎ内完成；固定化细胞柱的使用寿命在４周以上；除Ｌ－精氨酸和Ｌ－谷氨酰胺外，其余氨基酸均不干扰传感器对谷氨酸的测定。     

Optimization of the culture conditions for production of glutamate decarboxylase by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus

The culture conditions for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) production under submerged fermentation by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus were investigated. The results indicated the optimum culture medium was composed as follows: 15.0 g L^?1 of peptone, 12.5 g L^?1 of beef extract, 12.5 g L^?1 of sucrose, 1.03 g L^?1 of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 g L^?1 of sodium acetate, 2 g L^?1 of ammonium dibasic citrate, 2.12 g L^?1 of calcium chloride, 1 g L^?1 of Tween 80, and initial pH 6.79. The optimum culture temperature and time were 37 °C and 12 h, respectively. Under these conditions, GAD production was 257.46 ± 5.12 U, which was about 1.45‐fold that of Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

脉冲—旋风组合气流干燥系统研究

通过对脉冲气流干燥器与旋风气流干燥器特点的分析，结合工厂工艺要求，研制了脉冲－旋风组合气流干燥装置。实践表明，这种组合干燥系统可充分利用两种干燥器的特点，具有传热，传质效果好，热效率高，适应能力强的特点。适用于初始物料水分较高（＞10％w），潮湿状态有一定粘结性的松散粉粒的干燥。该组合干燥装置已经用于粉状谷氨酸钠不同品种物料的干燥。     

Mating activates NMDA receptors in the medial preoptic area of male rats.

Studies have emphasized the role of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) as an important site for the regulation of male sexual behavior. Indeed, ablations of the MPOA impair sexual behavior, whereas stimulation of the MPOA enhances behavior. Furthermore, neural activity in the MPOA increases with mating. The current study tested the hypothesis that activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors occurs in MPOA neurons and is essential for the expression of male sexual behavior in rats. Results indicate that nearly all MPOA neurons that expressed Fos following mating also contained the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors. Furthermore, mating increased phosphorylation, thus activation, of NR1 in the MPOA. Additionally, blocking NMDA receptors significantly decreased mating-induced Fos expression and mating-induced phosphorylation of NMDA receptors and impaired male sexual behavior. These results provide evidence that mating activates NMDA receptors in the MPOA and that this activation is important for the expression of male sexual behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Glutamatergic innervation in bone

Bone is highly innervated, and evidence for a regulation of bone metabolism by nerve fibers has been suggested by many clinical and experimental studies. However, the nature of the neuromediators involved in these processes has not been well documented. Glutamate (Glu), a major neuromediator of the central nervous system (CNS), was recently identified in nerve fibers running in bone marrow in close contact with bone cells, suggesting that Glu may also act as a neuromediator in this tissue. During the last few years, all the machinery required for glutamate signalling in the CNS was demonstrated in bone. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluR) (NMDA, AMPA, and Kainate) and metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR) as well as Glu transporters. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and mGluR are functional on bone cells. NMDAR are involved in osteoclast formation and bone resorption and preliminary studies suggest that they may also participate in mechanisms underlying osteoblast proliferation or differentiation, providing evidence for a direct action of Glu on bone cells. The bone loss induced in a model of sciatic neurectomy in growing rats is associated with a decrease of glutamatergic innervation, suggesting that Glu released by nerve fibers may contribute to the regulation of bone remodeling. The manipulation of Glu action in bone may, therefore, represent a new therapeutic target for pathologies associated with modifications of bone remodeling.