纳米氧化铝的制备及其在催化领域的应用

工业催化剂载体中氧化铝应用最为广泛。纳米氧化铝具有独特的晶体结构及表面特性,其催化活性和选择性大大高于传统的氧化铝催化剂,因而备受关注。综述了纳米氧化铝的制备及在催化领域的应用,指出了当前研究中存在的问题,如研究主要停留在探索实验阶段,纳米氧化铝不易造粒,易于固聚、高温气流中活性降低,这些正是今后研究的主要方向。     

纳米尖晶石型涂复材料吸波性能的研究

选用化学共沉淀法制备纳米粒子(Ni,Zn)1-xFexFe2O4铁氧体吸波材料。用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对产品进行表征,并研究了材料的介电损耗和磁损耗。实验表明,以二价铁离子、三价铁离子的氯化物为原料,以氢氧化物作沉淀剂,制备出的纳米晶体粒度均匀、平均粒径小于40nm。从10～1000kHz的频率范围内,其吸波性能随着频率的增加而增加,随着材料厚度增加而增加。     

TiO2纳米粒子的制备及改性

近年来关于纳米TiO2粒子的制备方法报道的很多,本文对各种制备纳米TiO2粒子的方法作了阐述和比较。简单地介绍了纳米TiO2粒子的改性技术。     

大孔强酸树脂吸附硫脲金

研究了D072大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂从硫脲[Tu=CS(NH2)2]浸金液中吸附Au(Tu)2+的性能和机理. 结果表明，pH=2.0时，树脂对Au(Tu)2+有优良的吸附性能，金的交换容量为78.95 mg/g (Au/干树脂)，吸附的硫脲金可用乙醇-硫酸水溶液洗脱，洗脱率可达96.5%. D072树脂对Au(Tu)2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型.     

涡旋脉冲式反应装置及其在制备纳米碳酸钙上的应用

设计了一种涡旋脉冲式反应装置,分析了气-液或气-液-固多相体系在涡旋脉冲式反应装置中的流动状态及特点。采用Ca(OH)2—H2O—CO2气-液-固反应体系考察了该涡旋脉动式反应装置的性能。实验结果表明,采用纯CO2气体或CO2气体含量为30％的混合气体均可以制备平均粒径为40-50nm的纳米CaCO3产品,比传统工艺制备的纳米CaCO3的平均粒径小,粒度分布更窄。     

沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶

研究了以FeCl3·6H2O和FeSO4·7H2O为源物质,用均相沉淀法和直接沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶粉体,利用TEM、XRD、BET、H2-TPR手段对样品进行了表征.实验结果表明,均相沉淀法所制得α-Fe2O3粉体晶粒尺寸为20nm左右,比表面积大,反应性能好;直接沉淀法所制得粉体晶粒尺寸为80nm左右,比表面积小,反应性能相对差.     

Interfacial charge-transfer resistance at ionizable thiol monolayer-modified gold electrodes as studied by impedance spectroscopy

This paper examines the influences of ionizable thiol monolayers on the interfacial charge-transfer rates for redox-active ions by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Whereas short-chain thiols such as 4-aminothiophenol hardly affected the charge-transfer resistance for Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺ having a high standard heterogeneous rate constant, the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer raised this resistance to 3×10⁴ times that observed at a bare electrode in acidic solutions. As the terminal carboxyl group ionized, the charge-transfer resistance decreased by a factor of 300 because of a double-layer effect. When 3-mercaptopropionic acid was mixed with 1-hexadecanethiol, the charge-transfer resistance varied over four orders of magnitude with the composition of the two-component monolayer. The apparent rate constant for indigotetrasulfonate at 4-aminothiophenol-modified electrodes decreased by a factor of 25-30 as the solution pH varied from 4 to 2. This decrease was opposite to the change expected from protonation of the terminal amino group. It can be ascribed to a strong binding interaction between the redox anion and the positively charged monolayer.     

Optimal placement of probes for dynamic pressure measurements in large-scale fluidized beds

Pressure data sampled at sufficiently high frequency (typically 20 Hz or higher) can yield much information about the hydrodynamic state of a fluidized bed. Since part of the pressure waves travelling through large (industrial) fluidized beds is only detectable in a limited area of the bed, pressure measurements need to be performed at several positions to cover the whole bed. We examine these local pressure waves (caused by, e.g., passing bubbles or coalescing bubbles) in a 0.80 m i.d. bubbling fluidized bed of Geldart B particles. Experiments and simulations are performed to determine the intensity decrease as local pressure waves propagate from their origin. A new spectral method is applied to determine the degree of coherence for pressure signals measured at two different positions in a fluidized bed. For a superficial gas velocity of 5u_mf, local pressure waves can be detected up to a radial distance of about 0.5 m from their origin; this distance is somewhat lower for lower gas velocities. This means that the radial spacing of pressure probes should not exceed 1 m. For large diameter beds with a bed height below 1.5 m, a set of probes at a single level and at several radial positions is sufficient to observe or monitor the dynamic state of the complete bed; the probes should preferably be placed at a height of 30% to 40% of the total bed height.     

Preparation of narrowly distributed nanoparticles of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐vinyl pyrrolidone) through microemulsion polymerization

Narrowly distributed nanoparticles of poly (n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐vinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared through microemulsion polymerization with a nonionic surfactant of Tween‐80 as emulsifier (6 wt % of the latex) and n‐butanol as coemulsifier. The polymerizations were initiated with benzoylperoxide (BPO), potassium persulfate (KPS), KPS/ferric sulfate (FeSO₄), and BPO/FeSO₄, respectively, where the initiation in the case of BPO/FeSO₄ took place mainly at the interphase between the oil phase and the reaction media. Namely, this interfacial‐initiated microemulsion polymerization resulted in larger particles with relatively narrower particle size distribution as well as higher limiting monomer conversion but lower polymerization rate compared with the polymerization initiated with KPS/FeSO₄. In this article, the influences of initiation method, monomer ratio, and addition of water‐soluble components on microemulsion polymerization and latex particle size were studied to discuss the mechanism of interfacial‐initiated microemulsion polymerization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2334–2340, 2004     

Magnetic Nanoparticle Arrays Self-Assembled on Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media

We study magnetic-field directed self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles onto templates recorded on perpendicular magnetic recording media, and quantify feature width and height as a function of assembly time. Feature widths are determined from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, while heights are obtained with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). For short assembly times, widths were ~150 nm, while heights were ~14 nm, a single nanoparticle on average with a 10:1 aspect ratio. For long assembly times, widths approach 550 nm, while the average height grows to 3 nanoparticles, ~35 nm; a 16:1 aspect ratio. We perform magnetometry on these self-assembled structures and observe the slope of the magnetic moment vs. field curve increases with time. This increase suggests magnetic nanoparticle interactions evolve from nanoparticle–nanoparticle interactions to cluster–cluster interactions as opposed to feature–feature interactions. We suggest the aspect ratio increase occurs because the magnetic field gradients are strongest near the transitions between recorded regions in perpendicular media. If these gradients can be optimized for assembly, strong potential exists for using perpendicular recording templates to assemble complex heterogeneous materials.