环管工艺氢调法生产高熔体流动速率抗冲击共聚PP M30RH

在双环管反应器与气相反应器串联的聚丙烯(PP)装置上,通过非对称给电子体注入技术,利用氢调法并控制气相反应器中乙烯含量以及乙烯气与乙烯和丙烯混合气的摩尔比,使产品中橡胶相含量合理,最终生产出刚性和韧性相对平衡的高熔体流动速率(30.0 g/10 min)、抗冲击共聚PP M30RH。M30RH在-20℃时的缺口冲击强度达3.9 kJ/m2以上,弯曲模量可达1 200 MPa以上,各项性能均达到国内同类产品水平,产品得到用户认可并应用于多个领域。     

AM/NIPAM对P(NIPAM-co-AM)温敏凝胶性能影响

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)-亚硫酸氢钠(SBS)为氧化-还原引发体系,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,制备了亲水型温敏凝胶P(NIPAM-co-AM)。研究了投料比AM/NIPAM对凝胶性能的影响。结果表明：随着凝胶体系中亲水单体AM比例的增大,共聚凝胶溶胀率、保水率、硬度均提高。当AM从0增大到100%时,凝胶硬度从84.929g增为1255.222g。DSC表明,当AM含量从2%提高到10%时,凝胶LCST从38.61℃增加到57.95℃。随着AM比例降低,凝胶LCST向低温方向移动,相变范围温敏性越好。     

原位聚合法制备吸水膨胀天然橡胶

采用过硫酸铵/硫代硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系,使丙烯酸和氢氧化钠单体在天然胶乳乳液状态下发生原位聚合,同时接枝到天然橡胶分子链上,制备出高吸水倍率的吸水膨胀天然橡胶。通过研究具体条件对单体接枝率和产品吸水倍率的影响,得出制备吸水膨胀天然橡胶(WSNR)的最佳工艺条件为:温度45.0℃,引发剂用量为总固体质量的0.7%,反应时间1.5小时,单体与橡胶的用量比为1.0∶1.0,交联剂用量为2.0×10-4mol。在此条件下,单体最高接枝率和产品最高吸水倍率为49.8%和584.7倍。红外谱图分析表明丙烯酸钠已接枝到天然橡胶的分子链上;热重测试分析表明接枝丙烯酸钠后的天然橡胶的热稳定性提高。     

Pre-irradiation grafting of styrene and maleic anhydride onto PVDF membrane and subsequent sulfonation for application in vanadium redox batteries

A poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membrane was grafted with styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MAn) using an electron-beam-induced pre-irradiation grafting technique. The grafted membrane (PVDF-g-PS-co-PMAn) was then sulfonated and hydrolyzed to give an ion exchange membrane (denoted as PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRB) use. Micro-FTIR analysis indicated that PVDF was successfully grafted and sulfonated at the above condition, and the membrane with a high grafting yield (GY) can be easily prepared in a St/MAn binary system at low dose due to a synergistic effect. The water uptake and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane increased with GY, so too did the conductivity. At a GY of 33.6%, the resulting PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane showed a much higher IEC and conductivity than a conventional Nafion117 membrane, and a much lower permeability of vanadium ions: ca. 1/11 to 1/16 of that through Nafion117. Open circuit voltage measurements showed that the VRB assembled with the PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane maintained values above 1.3 V after a period of 33 h, which was much longer than that with the Nafion117 membrane. It is expected that this work provides a new approach for the fabrication of ion exchange membranes for VRB.     

Significantly enhanced charge conduction in electric double layer capacitors using carbon nanotube-grafted activated carbon electrodes

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-grafting by chemical vapor deposition was conducted to reduce the resistance of activated carbon fiber serving as an electrode for electric double layer capacitors. Sputtering deposition of Ni catalyst particles led to a uniform growth of CNTs on the carbon fiber surface through the tip-growth mechanism. Because sputtering deposition ensures little pore blockage (in comparison with wet-impregnation), the surface area decrease of the carbon fiber due to Ni loading was minimized. By using H₂SO₄ aqueous solution as the electrolyte, a capacitor cell assembled with the CNT-grafted fiber showed higher electron and electrolyte-ion conductivities relative to a cell assembled with the bare fiber. By increasing the discharging current density from 1 to 150 mA cm⁻², the bare fiber exhibited a capacitance loss of 17% while the CNT-grafted fiber showed a mitigated capacitance loss of only 7%. This developed CNT-grafting technique renders activated carbon fiber a promising electrode material for a variety of electrochemical applications.     

季铵盐型抗菌纤维素纤维的辐射接枝聚合

固相表面接触抗菌材料应用于水的表面接触消毒是一项新的水处理技术,提高材料表面抗菌基团含量将有利于抗菌性能的提高。本研究采用直接辐射接枝和预辐射接枝两种方法,在纤维素纤维表面引入具有抗菌功能的季铵盐聚合物,详细探讨了两种辐射接枝聚合技术以及温度、时间、单体浓度、辐射剂量等具体辐射接枝聚合工艺参数对接枝聚合反应的影响。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对接枝纤维素纤维进行了表征。结果表明,采用预辐射接枝技术可制得接枝率55%以上的高接枝率抗菌纤维素纤维。     

MAP-POSS改性PMMA非等温聚合反应动力学及物理性能

通过共聚将甲基丙烯酰氧丙基笼型倍半硅氧烷（MAP-POSS）引入到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）中,制备了有机/无机纳米杂化复合材料。用非等温差示扫描量热法研究了MAP-POSS与MMA共聚反应动力学,测定了反应动力学参数,建立了反应动力学数学模型,并测试了其力学、热学及电学性能。结果表明,MAP-POSS与MMA可以共聚,在不降低电性能的情况下,其冲强度提高了约30 kJ/m2,热分解温度提高了34 ℃。     

等离子体引发接枝聚合丙烯酸对PET表面改性的溶剂效应研究

为研究混合溶剂对等离子体引发接枝聚合影响的本质,采用紫外可见分光光度法对丙烯酸在不同溶剂中的反应活性进行了研究;利用紫外可见分光光度法、红外光谱及原子力显微镜分析表征了接枝样品。实验结果表明溶剂对接枝反应有较大的影响,当选用醇和水为混合溶剂时,接枝率随着水与醇的体积比的增加而增大。利用紫外光谱中出现的红移现象可以解释丙烯酸在不同溶剂中的反应活性以及接枝率的变化规律。红外光谱中C=O伸缩振动吸收峰积分面积随接枝率的增加而增加,且呈线性关系,证实了丙烯酸单体已接枝到PET表面。     

水悬浮体系中苯乙烯和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯改性研究

采用过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,通过水相悬浮法制备苯乙烯（St）和马来酸酐（MAH）双单体接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-St/MAH）。考察St加入量对接枝反应的影响,通过熔体流动速率和水接触角测试分析接枝产物的性能,采用X射线衍射和红外光谱分析表征接枝产物的结构。结果表明,随St加入量的增加,MAH接枝率升高,在St/MAH为3/1时,MAH接枝率为3.10 %,接枝效率高达70.02 %。随着接枝率的增加,接枝产物的熔体流动速率减小,PP主链间相互缠绕作用增强,熔体强度增大,结晶度降低,亲水性改善。     

高结晶度DMC催化二氧化碳-环氧丙烷共聚

合成了钴锌双金属氰化络合物(Co-Zn DMC)和铁锌双金属氰化络合物(Fe-Zn DMC),元素分析和粉末X射线衍射对其表征结果为高结晶度DMC催化剂。用这两种催化剂分别催化二氧化碳-环氧丙烷共聚,均表现出极高的催化效率,并对产物用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)等方法进行表征。100℃反应15h,Co-Zn DMC的催化效率达7000gPolym/g Cat,碳酸酯键含量为45%,-Mn=35900。80℃反应15h,Fe-Zn DMC的催化效率为410gPolym/g Cat,碳酸酯键含量为71%,M-n=13300。通过DSC分析,共聚物的Tg随碳酸酯键含量的增加明显上升。