松花粉的营养与利用

被营养学界誉为完全营养源的松花粉,由于其含极为丰富的营养素,同时又具备独特的保健养身功效,被誉为药食兼用的食品,愈来愈受到消费者的青睐。松花粉不仅可以制成胶囊、片荆服用,还可以做成独特的松花粉食品和菜点,改善食品的品质,提高其经济价值。     

Growth Hormone Secretagogue (A233) Improves Growth and Changes the Tissue Fatty Acid Profile in Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Growth hormone (GH) release is a process that is well regulated by several factors, including GH secretagogues. GH can mediate the regulation of the fatty acid level and composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a synthetic GH secretagogue peptide (A233) on the growth and fatty acid composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To address this objective, we administrated a diet supplemented with A233 to juvenile tilapia for 60 days. The group fed with a diet supplemented with 600 μg of A233 per kg of feed increased in weight (4.81 ± 0.09 g) and specific growth rate (2.49 ± 0.03%/day) compared to the control diet group (3.63 ± 0.08 g, 2.07 ± 0.04%/day; respectively) (p < 0.001). In the muscle, the total lipids for the control diet group were higher than that in the group fed with 600 μg of A233 per kg feed; however, no differences were detected in the liver. In both tissues, the patterns of fatty acid composition and content were generally similar, with some exceptions. Tilapia fed with 600 μg of A233 per kg of feed showed, in liver and muscle, a significantly higher composition and content of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as 20:5n‐3, 22:5n‐3, 22:6n‐3) and n‐3/n‐6 PUFA than animals fed with the control diet. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the the effects of natural or synthetic GH secretagogues (GHS) on fatty acid composition, implying an increase in the nutritional quality of the tilapia.     

丁羟推进剂老化化学识别的研究进展

以丁羟推进剂为例,从其氧化剂、黏合剂、化学功能组分等化学组分和碳碳双键、羟基、环氧基、分子质量等结构特征的变化,以及这些变化所产生的脱湿现象、氧化交联反应等为识别判据的几个方面,综述了推进剂老化化学识别的国内外研究进展。指出了开展化学变化及其效应的综合运用、化学组分空间位置变化研究、无损检测新技术应用等3方面进一步研究的问题,并展望其发展前景。     

Evaluation of residual oil content,composition, and evolution of marine shale from the Middle Ordovician Pingliang Formation,Erdos Basin,China

A grain-based microscale sealed vessel pyrolysis method to a whole rock sample from Pingliang (PL) marine shale was used to investigate the residual oil contents, fractional compositions and evolutions at different temperatures and maturities. The maximum residual oil of PL marine shale can reach 116.86 mg/g TOC. In oil window, PL marine shale residual oil is mainly composed of saturates, aromatics, and resins, but less asphaltenes showing higher shale oil prospective. In wet and dry gas windows, its residual oil is mainly made up of saturates, resins, and asphaltenes, showing higher gas generation potential at high maturities.     

基于汽油烯烃转化的催化裂化动力学模型

以催化裂化反应机理为基础,把FCC原料及产品按馏程和化学组成进行集总划分.考虑氢转移、芳构化等二次反应,通过对反应网络的合理简化,提出了一种分子水平的动力学模型.通过参数估计求取18个动力学速度常数,建立集总动力学模型以预测汽油的化学结构组成.研究结果表明：该模型能较好预测不同条件下的产率分布,而且可以预测汽油组成分布,有助于降低汽油烯烃含量的研究.     

高职院校写作教学浅议

根据高职院语课写作教学要求与培养目标,针对写作教学中存在的种种认识误区,要提倡“积累—领悟—创新”的写作教学。     

Toughened polypropylene with balanced rigidity. III. Compositions and mechanical properties

Toughened polypropylene with balanced rigidity (TRPP) was prepared by thermal mechanical blending of PP resin with a toughening master batch (TMB) in a twin screw extruder. The dependence of the mechanical properties of TRPPs on the ratio of ethylene‐propylene to styrene‐butadiene elastomers, the total elastomer content in the TRPP, and the amount of elastomers in the TMB were investigated. The TRPP with a total elastomer content of 14 wt %, which was made from a TMB with 32 wt % elastomer and a 80/20 (w/w) ratio of ethylene‐propylene to styrene‐butadiene elastomers, was found to have excellent balanced mechanical properties. The notched Izod impact strength at 23°C was 762 J/m (23 times that of PP), the flexural modulus was 1078 MPa (92% of that of PP), and the tensile strength at yield was 34.8 MPa (88% of that of PP). Moreover, its mechanical properties were much better than the simply blended sample with the same composition, demonstrating that dynamic vulcanization and polymer‐bridge conjunction are excellent techniques to produce a high‐impact, high‐modulus PP. A sharp brittle–ductile transition was found at 14 wt % total elastomer content, which was assumed to be a percolation phenomenon. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1345–1350, 2001     

Thermophysical properties of pure gases and mixtures at temperatures of 300-30 000 K and atmospheric pressure:thermodynamic properties and solution of equilibrium compositions

The equilibrium compositions and thermodynamic properties(density,enthalpy,etc at constant pressure)of plasma of pure gases and mixtures under local thermodynamic nonequilibrium have been calculated in this paper.The homotopy Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was proposed to accurately solve nonlinear equations with singular Jacobian matrices,and is constructed by the Saha equation and Guldberg-Waage equation combined with mass conservation,the electric neutrality principle and Dalton's partial pressure law,to solve the problem of dependence on the initial value in the process of iteration calculation.In this research,the equations at a higher temperature were solved and used as the auxiliary equations,and the homotopy control parameters'sequence of the homotopy equations was selected by equal ratios.For auxiliary equations,the iterative initial value was obtained by assuming that there were only the highest-valence atomic cations and electrons at this temperature,and the plasma equilibrium composition distribution with the required accuracy was ultimately solved under the current conditions employing the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.The control parameter sequence was arranged according to the geometric sequence and the homotopy step was gradually shortened to ensure continuity of the homotopy process.Finally,the equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties of pure N2,Mg(30％)-C02(70％)and Mg(40％)-CO(50％)-N2(10％)mixture plasma at atmospheric pressure were calculated and the calculation process of some specified temperatures was shown and analyzed.The calculation accuracy of equilibrium composition is higher than other findings in the literature.The results for the thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with data reported by the literature.     

不同品种谷子营养成分及功能活性成分差异化分析

对比研究了10个品种谷子营养及功能活性成分。以10个代表性谷子品种籽粒为原料,检测分析了淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等营养组分,及多酚、黄酮、低聚糖等功能活性成分的含量。结果表明:不同品种谷子,营养成分及功能活性成分的含量差异不同,且功能性成分含量品种间差异较大。不同品种间谷子粗淀粉变异系数为5%,含量较为稳定;粗脂肪的变异系数为17.55%,品种之间差异显著(P0.05);粗蛋白的变异系数为7%,品种之间差异显著(P0.05);总黄酮变异系数最大,为51%,含量范围为0.55~2.01 mg/g;总多酚含量变异系数为25%,含量范围为0.65~1.41 mg/g;低聚糖含量品种间差异也较大。对选育优良品种谷子,及开发谷子相关食品和保健品具有指导意义。