可见与紫外光度法测定沙棘叶中总黄酮的比较

对可见与紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中总黄酮的方法进行了比较。可见分光光度法以芦丁为标准品,硝酸铝作显色剂,在510 nm波长下测定;紫外分光光度法以芦丁为标准品,在358 nm波长下测定。结果表明:紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中总黄酮相对简便快速,是一种较理想的测定方法。     

马占相思树叶总多酚的微波提取工艺研究

研究微波提取马占相思叶中总多酚的工艺条件,以总多酚提取量为参考指标,考察乙醇浓度、固液比、微波提取时间、提取温度对马占相思叶总多酚提取量的影响。得到的最佳工艺条件为:20 g原料,以料液比1∶10加入50%的乙醇溶液,在80℃下每次微波提取35 min,提取3~4次。在此条件下,每克马占相思叶可提取总多酚36.368 1~43.414 7 mg。     

Levels of Isoflavonoids as Indicators of Resistance of Subterranean Clover Trifoliates to Redlegged Earth Mite Halotydeus destructor

The extracts, obtained with methanol from crushed trifoliates and from the surface layer of the trifoliates, contained isoflavones in both the free and bound forms as the major components, compounds known to exhibit feeding deterrence towards the redlegged earth mite. The levels of these compounds were quantified and showed considerable variation in extracts of one susceptible variety and four varieties with differing levels of resistance. The relative resistance of the five varieties established from field observations was compared with the amounts of isoflavone derivatives obtained in the two extracts. A better ranking of resistance was found with levels of isoflavones on the leaf surface than with the total amount of isoflavones in the trifoliates. These results suggest a simple method for determining the relative resistance of subterranean clover to the mite.     

葡萄籽中原花青素提取研究

葡萄籽中含有一种执瓴化剂的植物化学物质——原花青素低聚物,具有抗衰老、防癌、防心血管病等作用。初步研究了葡萄籽中原花青素的溶剂提取工艺,考察了溶剂种类、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比、粉碎度等因素对原花青素提取量的影响,最终确立最佳提取条件：乙醇为溶剂、提取浓度为70％、提取时间为60min、提取温度为50℃、料液比1：7、粉碎度80目。     

Confidence intervals for modeling anthocyanin retention in grape pomace during nonisothermal heating

ABSTRACT:  Degradation of nutraceuticals in low- and intermediate-moisture foods heated at high temperature (>100 °C) is difficult to model because of the nonisothermal condition. Isothermal experiments above 100 °C are difficult to design because they require high pressure and small sample size in sealed containers. Therefore, a nonisothermal method was developed to estimate the thermal degradation kinetic parameter of nutraceuticals and determine the confidence intervals for the parameters and the predicted Y (concentration). Grape pomace at 42% moisture content (wb) was heated in sealed 202 × 214 steel cans in a steam retort at 126.7 °C for > 30 min. Can center temperature was measured by thermocouple and predicted using Comsol software. Thermal conductivity (k) and specific heat ( C_p ) were estimated as quadratic functions of temperature using Comsol and nonlinear regression. The k and C_p functions were then used to predict temperature inside the grape pomace during retorting. Similar heating experiments were run at different time–temperature treatments from 8 to 25 min for kinetic parameter estimation. Anthocyanin concentration in the grape pomace was measured using HPLC. Degradation rate constant ( k _{110 °C}) and activation energy ( E_a ) were estimated using nonlinear regression. The thermophysical properties estimates at 100 °C were k = 0.501 W/m °C, Cp = 3600 J/kg and the kinetic parameters were k _{110 °C}= 0.0607/min and E_a = 65.32 kJ/mol. The 95% confidence intervals for the parameters and the confidence bands and prediction bands for anthocyanin retention were plotted. These methods are useful for thermal processing design for nutraceutical products.     

Effect of the addition of different quantities of amino acids to nitrogen-deficient must on the formation of esters, alcohols, and acids during wine alcoholic fermentation

In this work the effect of the addition of different quantities of amino acids to a nitrogen-deficient must on the formation of volatile compounds during the wine alcoholic fermentation was studied. To do so, fermentations of Mazuelo must were carried out, to which were added ammonium and 45, 120, and 250 mg/l of amino acids. The results showed that the formation of total esters, isoamyl acetate, and 2-phenylethyl acetate was directly proportional to the quantity of amino acids added to the must while the synthesis of diethyl succinate, and ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate was inversely proportional to this addition. The alcohols, with the exception of tyrosol and 2-phenylethanol, did not show any direct correlation between their formation and the addition of amino acids. The quantity of amino acids added to the must favoured the formation of total acids but it had scant influence on the individual synthesis of the acids. So, it may be stated that, in general, the addition of amino acids in the concentrations under study to a nitrogen-deficient must, favoured the formation of volatile compounds in the wine.     

悬浮培养的葡萄细胞中提取多酚的研究

利用3种方法对悬浮培养的葡萄细胞进行多酚提取试验研究,确定提取的最佳条件.结果表明,最佳提取方法为甲醇振荡和超声波联合提取,即先用50%的甲醇振荡提取过夜,次日再在45℃、40kHz的超声波条件下提取60min.该提取方法相对简单且多酚得率最高,可以获得满意的提取效果.(孙悟)     

苦丁茶冬青叶多糖的分离纯化及其对羟自由基的清除作用

苦丁茶冬青叶经乙醇脱脂、水提醇沉和Sevag法除蛋白,得苦丁茶冬青叶粗多糖KPS Ⅱ.KPS Ⅱ经DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换层析柱分离纯化,得到两个纯化多糖组分KPS Ⅲ a和KPS Ⅲ b.KPS Ⅲ a和KPS Ⅲ b经过硫酸水解,还原乙酰化,用气相色谱方法测定了其组成及相对含量.KPS Ⅲ a与KPS Ⅲ b均主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,其摩尔比分别为10.21.01.28.05.4和17.71.01.11.84.1.以Fenton反应为产生·OH模型,用紫外分光光度法实验了苦丁茶冬青叶多糖(KPS Ⅱ、KPS Ⅲ a、KPS Ⅲb)对模型中产生的·OH的清除作用.结果表明,KPS Ⅱ、KPS Ⅲa、KPS Ⅲb对·OH都具有一定的清除作用,且清除率与多糖的浓度存在一定的量效关系.苦丁茶冬青叶粗多糖KPS Ⅱ对·OH的清除作用均比纯化多精(KPS Ⅲa、KPS Ⅲb)强.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ni-Mo catalyst using Jatropha curcas leaves as carbon support and its catalytic activity for hydrotreating of gas oil,Jatropha oil,and their blends

A novel carbon-based Ni-Mo catalyst has been synthesized successfully from Jatropha curcas leaves using boric acid as a surface modifying agent. The Ni-Mo catalyst prepared on Jatropha curcas leaves had shown BET surface area of 316 m²/g whereas the Ni-Mo catalyst prepared without boric acid activation had shown BET surface area of only 14 m²/g. XRD and SEM data have shown that the active catalyst particles such as Ni and Mo have been found to be uniformly distributed. The inventive catalyst was studied for hydrotreating of gas oil, Jatropha curcas oil and 20% Jatropha oil in gas oil at 370°C, 90 bar H₂ pressure, liquid hour space velocity of 1 h^?1, and gas-to-oil ratio of 500 Nm³/m³ and the results obtained were found to be comparable with that of the commercial Ni-Mo catalyst supported on alumina.     

含沉水植物河道水流流速特性研究

在梯形平底水槽中,用塑料草模拟了沉水植物对水流的影响。结果表明：（1）流速不同、相对植物高度不同的情况下,植物对流速的影响是不同的;（2）含沉水植物的水流垂向流速分布曲线存在一条流速分界线,在其上部流速变大,下部流速变小,流速分界线在植物冠层以上,在相对水深h／H=0．3附近;（3）两株植物叶片之间是否有交叉重叠对水流的阻碍作用是有区别的;有交叉重叠时会额外增加水流阻力;在流速分界线以下,叶片有交叉重叠时流速减小幅度较大。