黄瓜种子低温收缩变形行为研究

目的 明确降温过程中黄瓜种子种皮和子叶的变形行为。方法 搭建低温变形测试系统,在27 ℃至−18 ℃的降温过程中,利用数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)方法,分别对黄瓜种子种皮和子叶的低温变形行为进行测试分析。结果 在种子长轴和短轴方向,种皮平均压应变量恒大于子叶,长轴方向的平均压应变量大于短轴方向。在降温过程中,种皮2个方向的平均压应变量先增加,后趋于平稳;子叶2个方向的平均压应变量随温度降低逐渐增加。结论 种皮和子叶的变形行为具有较大差异,低温保存时,由于两者收缩变形不协调,可能引起失配应力从而造成种子破坏。     

分解制度对超细氢氧化铝性能的影响

从种子浆液老化时间、种子浆液的pH值、制备种子浆液搅拌强度等方面,论述了种子的性质对超细氢氧化铝产品性能的影响;同时又对分解过程的分解温度、种子比、铝酸钠精液氧化铝浓度和αK对超细氢氧化铝产品性能的影响进一步试验,并确定了最佳分解制度,使得制取的超细氢氧化铝产品的理化性能达到技术指标要求。     

Nutritive value of mango seed kernel

Seed kernels of two cultivars (Chausa and Dusheri) of mango (Mangifera indica) were analysed for chemical composition, lipid classes, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile and chemical evaluation of protein quality. The seed kernels constituted about 18% of the total fruit and had 5% protein, 6–7% crude fat, 0.19–0.44% tannins, iodine value of 34–44 and saponification number 202–213. Oleic acid (42%) and stearic acid (39%) were the principal fatty acids in the oil. The in vitro digestibility was low in these cultivars, possibly due to the presence of tannins. Sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine+cystine) and isoleucine were the limiting amino acids in Chausa and Dusheri, respectively. The essential amino acid index and protein quality index were high, thus indicating the good quality of the protein in mango seed kernel.     

奇亚籽油储藏稳定性研究及货架期预测

为研究奇亚籽油储藏稳定性,以液压法制备的奇亚籽油为原料,探讨储藏温度、氧气和光照条件对奇亚籽油过氧化值、酸价、K₂₃₂、K₂₆₈和TBA的影响,并应用一级动力学模型结合Arrhenius方程建立过氧化值、酸价两个氧化指标随储藏温度、储藏时间变化的货架期预测模型,预测奇亚籽油货架期。结果表明：奇亚籽油的氧化稳定性受光照、氧气和温度的影响,在避光、密封、低温的储藏条件下能有效降低过氧化值、酸价等的增长速率,延长储藏时间;通过模型推算得出密封、避光条件下奇亚籽油在25℃条件下的货架期为94 d。     

Seed Quantity or Quality?—Reproductive Responses of Females of Two Dioecious Woody Species to Long-Term Fertilisation

Although seed quality and quantity, as well as reproductive performance are important life history stages of plants, little is known about the reproductive responses of trees to environmental changes such as increased anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Dioecious plants are good models with which to test the environmental impact on female or male reproductive responses individually. We analysed effects of different long-term nutritional availability on the reproductive performance of two dioecious species (Taxus baccata L. and Juniperus communis L.) characterised by different life histories. By using pot experiments with vegetatively propagated plants grown in different fertilisation conditions, we observed an increase in plant growth and strobili production but a decrease in seed efficiency. Seeds produced by fertilised plants had greater seed mass. Fertiliser addition did not change C or N content nor the C/N ratio of T. baccata seeds, but increased N content and the N/P ratio; however, it did lower the C/N ratio in J. communis. Fertilisation did not change the metabolite profile in T. baccata but 18 metabolites were changed in J. communis. The study revealed new links between species life history, environmental changes, and reproduction. The findings imply that future environmental conditions may alter both seed productivity, and quality, as well as plant reproductive behaviour.     

氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器节能技术改造

本文介绍了氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器的工作原理,并针对某铝业公司氧化铝生产线晶种分解工序旋流器使用年限过长、结疤严重、分级效果不好、动力消耗大等生产实际情况进行节能技术改造.经过设计和选型计算,确定了水力旋流器的各种参数,选用1组处理能力为600 m3/h的氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器替代原有的2台旋流器,合理优化布置新旋流器,...     

新疆马铃薯种薯综合保鲜技术的研究

对新疆马铃薯种薯进行了贮藏研究,确定了最佳贮藏条件,并对贮藏过程中的干物质、淀粉、还原糖、蛋白质和Vc含量变化进行了分析.结果表明:最佳贮藏条件是低温3～5 ℃ 套袋处理,在此条件下贮藏的马铃薯失重率、腐烂率和发芽率均最低.贮藏过程中还原糖含量的变化始终遵循着淀粉-还原糖-淀粉的可逆动态平衡;随着贮藏时间的延长,马铃薯Vc含量逐渐降低;蛋白质、干物质含量变化不明显;淀粉含量呈先下降,到了末期有所回升的趋势.     

尿素包合法从葡萄籽油中富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯及包合物表征分析

为提升葡萄籽的使用价值,以葡萄籽油为原料,采用尿素包合法富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯。研究了脂肪酸甲酯与尿素质量比、尿素与95%乙醇质量比、包合时间和包合温度对包合效果的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对空白尿素结晶物和包合固形物进行表征。结果表明：制备高纯度亚油酸甲酯的最佳工艺条件为脂肪酸甲酯与尿素质量比1∶2、尿素与95%乙醇质量比1∶4、包合温度5℃、包合时间10 h,在此条件下得到的亚油酸甲酯含量为94.83%,收率为40.41%;FTIR和XRD分析表明,尿素包合反应没有新的官能团生成,且脂肪酸甲酯的包合降低了尿素的结晶度;SEM图像显示,尿素与脂肪酸甲酯形成了六棱体包合物。综上,尿素包合法为富集葡萄籽油中的高纯度亚油酸甲酯的有效方法。     

相干谐波辐射实验的测量和控制系统

电子束和种子激光一同通过光学速调管时,产生相干谐波辐射,这是获得短长波相干光的一种很有希望的途径。为产生相干辐射,光学速调管波荡器磁极间隙,种子激光波长和电子能量三者必须满足共振条件,电子束团和种子激光脉冲在时间上必须严格同步。为使某次相干谐波辐射达到极大值,光学速调色散段磁极间隙必须调节,介绍了相干谐波辐射的测量、种子激光与电子束的同步和光学速调管极间隙调节系统。