Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy

In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis(wild melon) was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% Na OH(used as catalyst), 30%(methanol to oil, v/v) methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature,600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion(85%) of fatty acids was obtained at 40%methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time.Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy(GC–MS). FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm~(-1), showing carbonyl groups(C=O)of methyl esters. However, GC–MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials(ASTM): flash point of 91 ℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 c St, pour point of-13 ℃, cloud point of-10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.     

三维土工网垫在护坡工程中的应用

简述了三维土工网垫护坡的作用机理和一般设计原则，以及施工过程中关键环节的控制，并与其他护坡方式作经济适应性比较，具有广阔的应用前景．     

黄瓜种子低温收缩变形行为研究

目的 明确降温过程中黄瓜种子种皮和子叶的变形行为。方法 搭建低温变形测试系统,在27 ℃至−18 ℃的降温过程中,利用数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)方法,分别对黄瓜种子种皮和子叶的低温变形行为进行测试分析。结果 在种子长轴和短轴方向,种皮平均压应变量恒大于子叶,长轴方向的平均压应变量大于短轴方向。在降温过程中,种皮2个方向的平均压应变量先增加,后趋于平稳;子叶2个方向的平均压应变量随温度降低逐渐增加。结论 种皮和子叶的变形行为具有较大差异,低温保存时,由于两者收缩变形不协调,可能引起失配应力从而造成种子破坏。     

奇亚籽油储藏稳定性研究及货架期预测

为研究奇亚籽油储藏稳定性,以液压法制备的奇亚籽油为原料,探讨储藏温度、氧气和光照条件对奇亚籽油过氧化值、酸价、K₂₃₂、K₂₆₈和TBA的影响,并应用一级动力学模型结合Arrhenius方程建立过氧化值、酸价两个氧化指标随储藏温度、储藏时间变化的货架期预测模型,预测奇亚籽油货架期。结果表明：奇亚籽油的氧化稳定性受光照、氧气和温度的影响,在避光、密封、低温的储藏条件下能有效降低过氧化值、酸价等的增长速率,延长储藏时间;通过模型推算得出密封、避光条件下奇亚籽油在25℃条件下的货架期为94 d。     

Seed Quantity or Quality?—Reproductive Responses of Females of Two Dioecious Woody Species to Long-Term Fertilisation

Although seed quality and quantity, as well as reproductive performance are important life history stages of plants, little is known about the reproductive responses of trees to environmental changes such as increased anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Dioecious plants are good models with which to test the environmental impact on female or male reproductive responses individually. We analysed effects of different long-term nutritional availability on the reproductive performance of two dioecious species (Taxus baccata L. and Juniperus communis L.) characterised by different life histories. By using pot experiments with vegetatively propagated plants grown in different fertilisation conditions, we observed an increase in plant growth and strobili production but a decrease in seed efficiency. Seeds produced by fertilised plants had greater seed mass. Fertiliser addition did not change C or N content nor the C/N ratio of T. baccata seeds, but increased N content and the N/P ratio; however, it did lower the C/N ratio in J. communis. Fertilisation did not change the metabolite profile in T. baccata but 18 metabolites were changed in J. communis. The study revealed new links between species life history, environmental changes, and reproduction. The findings imply that future environmental conditions may alter both seed productivity, and quality, as well as plant reproductive behaviour.     

氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器节能技术改造

本文介绍了氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器的工作原理,并针对某铝业公司氧化铝生产线晶种分解工序旋流器使用年限过长、结疤严重、分级效果不好、动力消耗大等生产实际情况进行节能技术改造.经过设计和选型计算,确定了水力旋流器的各种参数,选用1组处理能力为600 m3/h的氢氧化铝浆液水力旋流器替代原有的2台旋流器,合理优化布置新旋流器,...     

Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil

Recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and scarcity of its supply have promoted the interest in development of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. At present, biodiesel is commercially produced from the refined edible vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, palm oil and soybean oil, etc. by alkaline-catalyzed esterification process. This process is not suitable for production of biodiesel from many unrefined non-edible vegetable oils because of their high acid value. Hence, a two-step esterification method is developed to produce biodiesel from high FFA vegetable oils. The biodiesel production method consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment followed by an alkaline-catalyzed transesterification. The important properties of methyl esters of rubber seed oil are compared with other esters and diesel. Pure rubber seed oil, diesel and biodiesel are used as fuels in the compression ignition engine and the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are analyzed. The lower blends of biodiesel increase the brake thermal efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption. The exhaust gas emissions are reduced with increase in biodiesel concentration. The experimental results proved that the use of biodiesel (produced from unrefined rubber seed oil) in compression ignition engines is a viable alternative to diesel.     

燃煤可吸入颗粒物磁力聚并脱除特性的实验研究

采用Fw3O4和Fe2O3 2种磁性物质在均匀磁场中对东胜烟煤燃烧产生的粒径0.023～9.318 μm范围内的飞灰粒子进行了聚并实验,研究了飞灰粒子聚并的动力学特征以及不同磁性物质对飞灰粒子聚并的差异.实验结果表明:Fe3O4对飞灰粒子的聚并脱除效率高于Fe2O3,且聚并脱除后粒子中间直径高于Fe2O3;中间粒径粒子的脱除效率高于小粒子和大粒子;随磁感应强度、磁性物质添加比例、气流平均速度、粒子在磁场中停留时间等的增加,飞灰粒子的脱除效率提高,中间粒子直径减小,且小粒子脱除效率的增幅高于大粒子;当粒子达到饱和磁化时,磁感应强度的增强对聚并无影响.数值模拟结果表明,在飞灰粒子质量浓度为40 g/m3时,Fe3O4和Fe2O3对飞灰粒子的脱除效率分别为84%和62%,粒子中间直径从初始的0.151μm分别降低到0.098 μm和0.085 μm.