黑莓发酵白兰地原料酒研究

以黑莓为原料,研究黑莓白兰地原料酒发酵工艺。从4种酵母中筛选出AWRI 796酵母作为黑莓白兰地原料酒发酵用酵母,其起酵时间短,发酵平稳、彻底且产酒率高,原料酒香气协调,黑莓酒发酵香气典型。通过正交试验优化发酵工艺参数,当发酵温度为14℃,酵母接种量为0.40g/L,发酵液中(NH4)2HPO4添加量为0.5g/L时黑莓白兰地原料酒中甲醇和杂醇油含量最低,分别为422.62mg/L,130.54mg/L。     

GC-O-MS法对比3种红枣白兰地的挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取的方法提取3种红枣白兰地中的挥发性成分,以气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用对红枣白兰地中的挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。结果测得76种气味活性成分,主要包括酯类、醇类、萜类和芳香化合物。从挥发性成分的数量和总峰面积上看,A#行唐白兰地明显高于B#金相府和C#董家红枣白兰地。气相色谱-嗅闻(GC-O)结果表明,红枣白兰地的主要香气成分是:乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基-丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基-2-丙酮、壬酸乙酯、月桂酸甲酯、月桂酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯。其中,月桂酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯能赋予白兰地红枣的香味,形成此酒的特色。综上所述,从酒的组成和气味评分考虑,A#行唐酒业的香气成分比较全面。     

不同产地白兰地原酒在精馏过程中的挥发性组分含量分析

用气相色谱仪检测对不同产地的白兰地原酒在精馏过程中挥发性组分的含量变化进行分析。结果表明，河北产区白玉霓比宁夏产区白玉霓更适于酿制白兰地；以白玉霓自流汁酿造的原酒精馏得到的原白兰地，其质量比白玉霓压榨汁酿造的原酒更好。控制蒸馏操作工艺，可以控制各蒸馏段馏出物的化学组成，提高白兰地蒸馏酒的质量。（孙悟）     

苹果白兰地发酵工艺技术研究进展

苹果白兰地为市场前景非常好的一种水果蒸馏酒类产品。文中从苹果酒、苹果白兰地发酵优势酵母菌株筛选及发酵性能研究、发酵工艺条件确定、酵母营养研究、香气成分分析和产品标准体系建设等方面综述了苹果白兰地发酵工艺技术的研究进展,并简要对其发展前景进行了展望。     

亲水胶体对胡柚饮料稳定性的影响

以胡柚饮料为研究对象,以离心沉淀率和混浊稳定性为考察指标,探讨了添加黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、瓜尔豆胶和果胶4种亲水胶体对胡柚饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着亲水胶体添加量的增加,胡柚饮料的稳定性呈上升趋势,其适宜的添加量为0.15%～0.2%,亲水胶体的稳定性顺序为：果胶〉CMC〉瓜尔豆胶〉黄原胶;黄原胶与果胶复配比为1∶2～3,添加量为0.15%～0.2%时,胡柚饮料稳定性最好,口感最佳。     

红枣白兰地发酵过程中酒醅氨基酸和有机酸的变化分析

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对红枣白兰地酒醅发酵过程中的氨基酸和有机酸含量,及发酵过程中酒度、酸度的动态变化进行了分析研究。研究表明:红枣白兰地发酵酒醅中检测到16种氨基酸和7种有机酸,其中脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸是红枣白兰地发酵的主要氨基酸,发酵过程中平均含量分别为39.749、35.477、11.888 mg/g;乙酸、苹果酸、乳酸是红枣白兰地发酵的主要有机酸,在发酵结束时含量分别为8.189、4.243、3.646 mg/g。发酵过程中,氨基酸和有机酸整体含量呈增长趋势;甜味氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸为总氨基酸含量的45.39%、35.79%,苦味氨基酸含量较低,酒醅中氨基酸是红枣白兰地中风味成分的重要前体物质,并赋予红枣白兰地柔和的风味;比例协调的有机酸有利于增强酒的醇厚口感。      

红枣白兰地中香气成分的顶空固相微萃取条件优化

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术分析红枣白兰地中的香气成分,并且通过单因素实验和正交实验对香气成分的萃取条件进行优化。以峰个数和面积为指标比较不同的因素对香气成分的影响,并且对萃取条件进行4因素3水平正交优化实验。实验结果表明:最佳的萃取条件为萃取温度50℃、萃取时间40 min,乙醇含量10%, NaCl添加量1.0 g、解析时间6 min。在该萃取条件下,检测到红枣白兰地中的香气成分共81种,确定结构的有59种,其中包括酯类物质34种(85.47%),醇类物质7种(3.67%),酸类物质4种(4.61%),醛类物质6种(4.51%),其它种类物质8种(1.74%)。     

不同品种杏酿造白兰地香气成分分析

该实验分别以河北串枝红杏、新疆小红杏、陕西御红和山东杏梅为原料酿造杏白兰地，采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术对4种杏白兰地的香气成分进行分析和比较。结果表明，河北串枝红杏、新疆小红杏、陕西御红和山东杏梅分别检测出49种、60种、60种、46种香气成分，共有香气成分为17种，4种杏白兰地共有且香气含量均较多的物质有辛酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚，小红杏白兰地特征香气最多，有21种，串枝红杏白兰地有5种特征香气，特征香气种类最少。串枝红杏白兰地香气平衡，酒体澄清，果香明显，余味悠扬，其感官评分显著高于其他3个品种。通过对比分析得知，不同品种的杏对杏白兰地香气成分有很大影响。     

Ohmic Heating of Lemon and Grapefruit Juices Under Vacuum Pressure— Comparison of Electrical Conductivity and Heating Rate

Ohmic heating fundamentally depends on electrical conductivity. In this study, grapefruit and lemon juices were ohmically heated under vacuum conditions. The electrical conductivity was measured at voltage gradients (10, 20, and 30 V/cm) and vacuum pressure (0 [atmospheric pressure], ?30, and ?60 kPa) for four temperature ranges (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C), meanwhile the heating rate was also reported at the same level of pressure and voltage gradient. The electrical conductivity and heating rate considerably vary by voltage gradient relative to pressure. Grapefruit had considerably lower electrical conductivity (about 20%) relative to lemon juice for the same pressure–voltage gradient treatment, while the percent reduction of heating rate (grapefruit relative to lemon) varied from 19 to 32%. The multivariate linear regression of electrical conductivity, including temperature and voltage, was found to be a more suitable model. pH assessments showed that pressure significantly affected the pH of grapefruit and lemon juices (P < 0.01). The combination of different treatments, which created a shorter residence time, caused a greater decrease in pH.     

Kinetic studies of adsorption of bitter principles and titratable acid from grapefruit juice

Measurement of the initial rates of removal of limonin and naringin from grapefruit juices by several polystyrene and polyacrylic adsorbents has allowed these adsorbents, in the forms as supplied, to be ranked in their order of kinetic effectiveness for removal of the two bitter principles. Partition coefficients of bitter principles between juice and polystyrene adsorbent resins show that the capacity of such resins for naringin increases with specific surface area, but the capacity for limonin appears to increase with specific pore volume. With respect to titratable acid, the two weak base resins, Amberlite IRA-93 and Duolite A378, were equally effective both kinetically and in their capacity for titratable acid; both adsorbed somewhat less than 1 mol of titratable acid from grapefruit juice per equivaient of weak base resin.