In vitro degradation and in vivo passage kinetics of carvacrol,thymol, eugenol and trans‐cinnamaldehyde along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets

BACKGROUND: The essential oils (EO) carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans‐cinnamaldehyde have well‐documented antimicrobial properties and offer therefore an alternative for the antimicrobial growth promoters in pig feeds. The aim of this work was to determine the degradation and kinetics of these EO along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of piglets, which is necessary information for correct application in pig feeds. RESULTS: None of these compounds was significantly degraded in in vitro simulations of pig gastric fermentation. Carvacrol and thymol were not degraded in jejunal simulations, but significant losses of up to 29% were found in caecal simulations. Eugenol and trans‐cinnamaldehyde showed a more pronounced degradation in jejunal and caecal simulations. A single dose mixed with feed (13.0, 13.2, 12.5 and 12.7 mg kg^?1 body weight for carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans‐cinnamaldehyde respectively) was given orally to piglets. Half‐lives in total digestive tract ranged between 1.84 and 2.05 h, whereby trans‐cinnamaldehyde showed the fastest disappearance. All of these EO were mainly and almost completely absorbed in the stomach and the proximal small intestine. Plasma concentrations (sum of free and conjugated compound) peaked at 1.39, 1.35 and 0.83 h for carvacrol, thymol and eugenol respectively and this was accompanied by high concentrations in urine. CONCLUSION: The four compounds were in vitro poorly degraded in the proximal segments of the GIT of piglets, but degradation is expected in more distal segments. In vivo, the EO were mainly and almost completely absorbed in the stomach and the proximal small intestine. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

日粮不同氟水平对生长猪微量元素沉积的影响

96头杜长大三元杂交猪，随机分为4组，第1组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮（含氟量37．39mg／kg），第2、3和4组分别饲喂含氟（以NaF形式添加）量为100，150，200mg／kg的日粮，研究日粮中不同氟水平对猪生长性能以及不同组织器官铁、铜、锌和锰沉积的影响。实验结果表明，第3、4组生长猪日增重与对照组相比分别降低了6．25％（P〈0．05）和8．22％（P〈0．05），料重比分别升高了7．37％（P〈0．05）和8．07％（P〈0．05）。而第2组猪的生长性能与对照组相比均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。另一方面，实验结果表明第3、4组氟的添加与对照组相比除显著增加了生长猪肾锌的沉积外（P〈0．05），均显著降低了大多数组织器官铁、铜、锌和锰的沉积（P〈0．05）。而第2组氟的添加量对于各微量元素在组织器官中的沉积与对照组相比均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

宁波市生猪屠宰业横向一体化的路径选择

生猪屠宰业横向一体化发展既有利于确保肉品市场运行平稳,也有利于加强肉品质量安全监管,是一项便民、利民、为民的系统工程。本文通过分析宁波市生猪屠宰业现状及存在问题和原因,运用SWOT分析工具,对宁波生猪屠宰业的优势、劣势以及潜在机遇、面临挑战四方面进行分析。最后提出大力推进产业化经营,提高品牌肉市场占有率;加强生猪市场体系建设,完善流通经营秩序;建立横向交流机制,加强产业内部协作;扩大屠宰网络监测范围,发挥信息技术支撑功能等对策建议。     

氨基酸微量元素螯合物对生长猪生长性能和养分利用率的影响

48只平均体重约28 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪被分为4个组(A、B、C、D组),每组设3个重复,用氨基酸微量元素螯合物分别替代各组日粮中0%、25%、50%和75%的相应的无机微量元素饲喂56 d.结果表明:B组平均日增重和料重比显著高于A组(P＜0.05);A组日粮干物质消化率显著低于B组(P＜0.05);各组血清中微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰含量差异不显著(P＜0.05);B、C、D组粪中铁、锌、铜含量均显著低于A组(P＜0.05).