The imprecision of micronutrient requirement values: the example of vitamin D

Food, not nutrients, is the fundamental unit in nutrition. Nutrient requirement values and recommended daily intakes have long been determined and organized in tables by several regulators. These figures, however, overlook the complexity of mixing different foods in a diet and the mediation by human gut microbiota on digestion, metabolism, and health. The microbiome molecular mechanisms and its potential influence on nutrient requirements are far from clear. Guidelines should depend on the sort of intake, along with the dietary habits, rather than focusing on single nutrients. Despite many decades of attempts to investigate the proximate nutrient composition of foods consumed by different world populations, there are still neither standardization of food composition databases nor harmonized dietary intake methods of assessment of nutrients. No all-inclusive attempt was yet made to emphasize the requirements of the various micronutrients, phytonutrients, and non-nutrients on gut microbiota and vice versa, and thereafter reflected into dietary guidelines. New multifaceted methods have been advanced to reevaluate the way nutrients and nutrient requirements are assessed within the intricate biological systems. Our main goal here was to enhance the fact that existing food guidelines hold inherent strengths and limitations but fail, in many aspects, namely, in not taking into account essential geographical, ethnic and cultural differences, and the different stages of life, infant nutrition, and the microbiota impact on several micronutrient requirements. Vitamin D is given as an illustration on present inaccuracy of its requirements. Defining dietary reference intakes is therefore an ongoing process specific for each population.     

新时代乡村绿化美化的美学途径与 科学导则

城市化对中国乡村建设的审美标准和发展模式影响深远,新时代背景下必须对乡村绿化美化进行科学、正确的引导。立足新时代背景分析乡村绿化美化的战略意义和理论逻辑,结合理论与实践研究提出其靶向在“乡村”、基础是“绿化”、重点是“美化”、要点是“产业”。基于传统人居美学思想,对乡村三大功能区的各组成元素开展绿化美化建设,保护乡村整体景观风貌的原真性、增加生态保育区生态绿量、提升居住生活区景观品质、拓展经济发展区绿色产业。科学推进乡村绿化美化发展,需要组建专业团队,建立科学理论;鼓励学科交叉,探索科学方法;加强顶层设计,推进科学规划;强化技术支撑,把握科学途径;推进试点工作,提炼科学范例。     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的机器人路径规划研究

传统遗传算法的交叉和变异操作为随机操作,虽然简单,但在路径规划中却会产生不可行路径,增加运算量,影响算法的收敛速度。针对这一问题,在传统遗传算法遗传操作的基础上进行了改进,利用先验知识保证遗传操作后的种群个体为可行路径,同时提出了新的遗传参数自适应调整方式与之配合,提高了算法的寻优效率。最后,由于遗传算法容易陷入局部最优,根据模拟退火算法的Metropolis准则对经过遗传操作产生的新个体进行接受判定。通过将改进后的遗传算法与其他文献中的改进遗传算法相比较,结果表明:文中的改进遗传算法在收敛速度、优化效果以及寻优能力上都取得了明显的效果。     

外销轮胎生产过程中的绿色管理模式及标准化——基于山东省轮胎企业调研的探讨

近年来,欧美市场对进口轮胎的限制法令先后出台。我国轮胎产业正处于结构转型的关键时期,转型的方向、模式和方法以及政策支持部非常重要。文中阐述了轮胎生产过程中的主要环境因素与出口限制标准与法令,提出了具有可操作性的生产过程的绿色管理模式。贯穿生产过程的环境因素管理是绿色管理模式的核心,研发和技术创新是突破绿色壁垒的关键。文章强调了绿色管理模式在轮胎企业的推广,以及加快我国轮胎技术标准制定以及试验场地建设的迫切性。     

Review of Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients.

Reviews the book, Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients edited by John C. Norcross (see record 2003-02805-000). As quoted from the fly leaf, "the work represents the culmination of three years of systematic analysis by the APA's Division of Psychotherapy (29) Task Force on Empirically Supported Therapy Relationships." Clearly, the task force was appointed in part--and acknowledged in the Introduction--as a response to the Society of Clinical Psychology's (12) Task Force on Empirically Validated Therapies (see Chambless & Hollon, 1998), which emphasized techniques in therapy. Norcross, the chair of the Division 29 Task Force and editor of this volume, discusses the inevitable questions regarding the differences between the goals of the two task forces. He views the current work as an extension and enlargement of the "attempt to apply psychological science to the identification and promulgation of effective psychotherapy." The 21 substantive chapters of the book are written by distinguished researchers of the therapeutic process. Fifty-five authors contributed to the volume. The chapters cover a wide-ranging and diverse field of topics including empathy, resistance, feedback, repairing alliance ruptures, countertransference, self-disclosure, religion and spirituality, and cultural diversity. The organization of the contents is of interest, as they are divided into General Elements of the Relationship and Customizing the Relationship to the Individual Patient. The choice of which chapters fit the categories appears somewhat arbitrary and perhaps forced. But the import of the volume is the thoroughness that the authors have brought to their particular topics. The book contains a number of resource gems, such as tables of references on outcome as related to resistance, interpretation, and therapist positive regard. That said, the book is not without some weaknesses. There is a dearth of reports of case studies, and cases that are presented are scattered sparsely throughout the text. The research must necessarily continue in order to provide a better understanding of interpersonal relationships within the context of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality

Protecting drinking source water quality is a critical step in ensuring a safe supply of drinking water. Increasingly, drinking source water protection programs rely on the active participation of various stakeholders with differing degrees of water science knowledge. A drinking source water quality index presents a potential communication and analysis tool to facilitate cooperation between diverse interest groups as well as represent composite water quality. We tested the effectiveness of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) in capturing expert assessments of drinking water quality. In cooperation with a panel of drinking water quality experts we identified a core set of parameters to reflect common source water concerns. Drinking source water target values were drafted for use in the index corresponding to two basic treatment levels. Index scores calculated using the core parameter set and associated source water target values were strongly correlated with expert assessments of water quality. We recommend a modified index calculation procedure to accommodate parameters measured at different frequencies within any particular study period. The resulting drinking source water CCME WQI provides a valuable means of monitoring, communicating, and understanding surface source water quality.     

北京城市设计导则运作机制健全思路与对策

我国正处在高速城市化进程中,城市建设需要及时应对社会经济、文化和生活等领域不断产生的新需求,城市空间形态也因此经历着急剧的变化,这种快速发展模式在满足各种城市需求的同时也暴露出一系列的问题.随着经济社会的发展,人们对城市建设的关注也逐渐集中到提升城市空间品质方面,因此.将城市设计纳入规划管理,并通过城市设计的控制与引导提高城市整体品质成为当今城市发展的一大诉求.研究从城市设计编制与管理的角度出发,结合《北京中心城地区城市设计导则编制标准与管理办法研究》,从规范编制、纳入管理和推广实施三个方面对如何健全北京城市设计导则的运作机制进行探讨,以期为规划师们提供有益参考.     

Flywheel size design considerations and experimental verification using a 50‐kW system for voltage sag compensator with flywheel induction motor

Flywheel energy storage systems can be used as an uninterrupted power supply system because they are environmentally friendly and have high durability. The use of a simple voltage sag compensator with a low‐speed heavy flywheel and a low‐cost squirrel‐cage induction motor/generator is proposed. First, the ability of the proposed system to maintain the load voltage at 100% when the grid is experiencing voltage sag is validated experimentally. Next, design guidelines for the flywheel stored energy are discussed. Experimental verification of a 50‐kW‐class system is carried out, and the results show good agreement with the developed design guidelines. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(1): 36–44, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21252     

我国传统酸鲊肉制品的研究现状及展望

我国传统酸鲊肉是一种乳酸细菌型发酵肉制品,具有众多营养特点和生理功能。该文对我国传统酸鲊肉的概念、特点、历史、加工工艺等进行概述,同时概括了发酵微生物种类及作用、传统酸鲊肉生产的安全隐患和安全限量标准（或指引）,最后对我国传统酸鲊肉制品的发展进行了展望,以期为我国传统酸鲊肉制品实现工业化、规模化、规范化生产提供理论参考。