丁基与卤化丁基橡胶的性能用途及研发

介绍了丁基橡胶（IIR）和卤化丁基橡胶的性能、用途及其生产技术研发热点。阐述了合成IIR在改进聚合反应器、淤浆稳定化技术、反应过程控制以及改进稀释剂等方面已经取得的突破性进展。指出研发创新将朝着开发新型引发体系、聚合新工艺以及控制阳离子聚合技术等方面发展。     

Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review

The pursuit of low-cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large-scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low-cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up-to-date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all-small-molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single-component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low-cost and large-area OSCs.     

阻燃剂V6的合成研究

以三氯化磷、季戊四醇、氯气及环氧乙烷为原料,四氯化钛为催化剂,通过三步反应合成了阻燃剂V6——四(2-氯乙基)-2,2-二(氯甲基)-1,3-亚丙基二磷酸酯。用IR、元素分析对合成的阻燃剂V6进行了表征,并且对各步的反应条件进行了优化,最佳反应条件为:反应物配比n(季戊四醇)∶n(三氯化磷)∶n(氯气)∶n(环氧乙烷)为1∶2.5∶2.2∶4.2;各步的最佳反应时间依次是2h,3h,4h;适宜的反应温度分别为80°C,23～25°C,80°C。产率达93.5%。     

FAAS法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中氧化镁含量不确定度的分析

按照JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》技术规范与要求,分析了不确定度的各项来源,建立了FAAS法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中氧化镁含量不确定度的评定方法,对不确定度的分量进行了分析评定。     

卤代烷基铝的合成及机理

以铝和溴乙烷为原料制备溴代烷基铝,氯化铝和碘为引发剂,39℃下搅拌15rain引发。引发机理为：微量水存在时,氯化铝水解的酸性环境破坏铝表面氧化膜;同时,碘取代溴得到更活泼的卤代烃。反应机理为：铝向卤代烃提供单电子生成含铝的自由基,自由基结合生成卤代烷基铝。     

Determination of the Fundamental Frequencies of Fluorochloro-Derivatives of Ethane and Its Application to Calculate Ideal Gas Heat Capacities

Quantum mechanical calculations for all fluorochloro-derivatives of ethane were performed. It was shown that the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ density functional method and single-point MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations lead to an accuracy of the molecular data that is sufficient for prediction of ideal gas heat capacities. Finally, reliable experimental heat capacity data reveal that an uncertainty of the heat capacity calculations of ±1.5% or less is achieved.     

受激布里渊散射的新介质

为了寻找性能良好的受激布里渊散射(SBS)介质,根据SBS对介质的要求,试验了几种全卤代烃新介质。测定或计算了增益系数、声子寿命和吸收系数等参数。四氯乙烯(C2Cl4)具有良好的SBS特性,其增益系数为9.0cm·GW-1,声子寿命为0.59ns,吸收系数为0.003cm-1。分析和讨论了介质化学结构对SBS特性的影响。     

吡啶衍生物及其催化闭环法合成

介绍吡啶衍生物的分类,并详细总结了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的应用及其合成路线。简要分析全球吡啶及其衍生物的生产及市场现状,概述了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的合成技术进展及其合成方法,并对吡啶衍生物的催化闭环法合成进行了介绍。最后指出我国的科研工作者应重视开发具有自主知识产权的吡啶新化合物。