肉用发酵菌株的筛选及其在低盐发酵香肠中的应用

该研究以蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和抑菌活性筛选肉用发酵菌株,通过分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并将其应用于低盐发酵香肠中,通过感官、理化及微生物指标分析评价其应用效果。结果表明,筛选鉴定得到两株适用于肉类发酵、安全且具有蛋白酶及抑菌活性的菌株,分别为植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）BR-12和木糖葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus xylose）H-1,其中菌株BR-12还具有脂肪酶活性,两菌株间无拮抗作用。菌株BR-12与H-1按2∶1和1∶5的比例接种制备的低盐发酵香肠pH下降迅速,肠杆菌数与挥发性盐基氮含量较低,感官评分较高,硬度适中,弹性好,呈特有的玫瑰红色,且两菌株接种比例为2:1时,品质更好,说明菌株BR-12和H-1复配发酵有利于提高产品安全性,改善低盐发酵香肠滋气味,可用于低盐香肠发酵。     

Biology and integrated pest management of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) infesting dry cured hams

The biology and physiology of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), also known as the ham, cheese or mold mite, is reviewed along with methods that have been evaluated for managing and controlling this pest. This review was conducted because the ham mite is an important target pest of the dry cured ham industry. Methyl bromide has been historically used to control mite infestations, but is now banned or being phased out of use in most countries because it is an ozone-depleting substance. Only commercially available stockpiles and quarantine and pre-shipment methyl bromide are available for use in countries that require such action. This review compares the effectiveness and feasibility of recently investigated methods to control mite infestations on dry cured ham and to discuss integrated pest management plans for ham mites. The review also proposes methods for conducting a prevention and monitoring-based integrated pest management program that relies on definitive mitigation such as fumigation only when mite numbers exceed a critical action threshold.     

Lipid oxidative changes in chitosan-oregano coated traditional dry fermented sausage Petrovská klobása

The effect of a chitosan coating with added essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) on lipid oxidation of dry fermented sausage (Petrovská klobása) was investigated. Fatty acid profile, aldehyde contents and sensory analysis of odor and flavor were determined after drying and during seven months of storage.     

Effect of plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid on lipid oxidation,residual nitrite and N‐nitrosamines formation in dry‐cured sausage

The effects of green tea,grape seed polyphenols and ascorbic acid on pH, water activity (a_w), microbiological counts, TBARS, residual nitrite and N‐nitrosamines were determined in dry‐cured sausages during the ripening period. Results showed that TBARS increased gradually during ripening (P < 0.05), but were significantly reduced with plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid (P < 0.05). Green tea polyphenol (GTP) was most effective (P < 0.05) in reducing TBARS. Plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid significantly decreased residual nitrite, ascorbic acid being most effective (P < 0.05). The amount of N‐nitrosamines increased during ripening, but was significantly reduced with plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid (P < 0.05). Plant polyphenols had no significant effects on moisture content, a_w, pH or microbiological counts in dry‐cured sausage during ripening (P > 0.05). It was concluded that plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid were effective in maintaining the quality and safety of dry‐cured sausages.     

Reduction of Drying Time for Pepperoni by Vacuum-drying

Commercial pepperoni was dried under vacuum (100 kPa) at three temperatures (177°, 19°, and 22°C) and matching controls were dried under commercial conditions. Vacuum-dried pepperoni achieved a moisture: protein (M:P) ratio of 1.6:1 after 9 to 12 days drying, compared to 18 days for the control. Overall drying time was reduced ～30%. Among temperature treatments, 17°C treatment had more weight loss and darker color (P < 0.05) than others. Weight loss and Kramer shear force were higher (P < 0.05) for vacuum-dried pepperoni, whereas Hunter a and b values tended to be higher for the control throughout the drying period.     

红枣发酵香肠的设计研制

红枣是中国的特色果品,有很高的营养和药用价值,发酵香肠也以其独特的口味和丰富的营养颇受人们喜爱。在食品朝着更安全更健康方向发展的大背景下,红枣发酵香肠研制无疑将会是其中一个比较新颖的颇受很硬的产品。本文对红枣发酵香肠研制的可能性、产品特点、工艺流程、市场前景都进行了一定的阐述,重点介绍了其生产过程中涉及到的新技术。     

笋干菜糯米营养保健香肠的开发研究

研究了笋干菜营养香肠的生产工艺,探讨了影响其质量的因素:笋干菜的添加量、糯米的添加量、糯米的颗粒度及肥、瘦肉的比例。并在此基础上采用正交实验得出了最佳工艺条件和配比,结果表明:五花猪肉79%,糯米用量15%,笋干菜用量6%,肥、瘦肉比例2:8,糯米颗粒度30目时香肠质量最佳。     

Freeze/thaw Stability of Cooked Pork Sausages as Affected by Salt, Phosphate, pH, and Carrageenan

The effects of κ, ι, or λ carrageenan (CGN), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), chloride salts, and meat pH on the freeze/thaw stability of cooked pork sausages were investigated. STPP decreased thaw drip (TD) and increased hardness for all treatments regardless of type of salt or CGN. KCI did not affect the texture of control samples in the presence of STPP, but decreased the functionality of κ- and ι-CGN. Increased meat pH increased the hardness and decreased thaw drip for all CGN treatments, except for λ-CGN, which remained unchanged. k- and ι- CGN increased moisture retention of sausages prepared from low-pH meat.     

发酵香肠中葡萄球菌快速"两步一补"鉴定

介绍一种凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)快速鉴定方法:"两步一补法"。并用此方法鉴定传统发酵香肠中CNS的分布情况。CNS菌株先经二步鉴定:第一步4h,包括:蕈糖、尿素酶、碱性磷酸酶;第二步24h,包括:鸟氨酸脱羧酶、新生霉素敏感性、磷霉素敏感性、厌氧生长。极少数不能鉴定的CNS菌株,用补充试验完成结果。能鉴定出发酵香肠中CNS的22个种及2个亚种,本文两步法能鉴定出发酵香肠中64%以上常见CNS菌种,仅36%的菌株需用补充实验证实。