Decarburization Thermodynamics of High-Carbon Ferromanganese Powders During Gas-Solid Fluidization Process

 Thermodynamic conditions of reactions between high-carbon ferromanganese powders and gas decarbonizers like O2, CO2 and water vapor were studied by thermodynamic calculation. In O2, CO2 and water vapor atmosphere, high-carbon ferromanganese powders were decarburized in a fluidized bed. When the temperature is respectively higher than 273, 1226 and 1312 K, the gas-solid decarburization reaction will occur between ferromanganese carbide on the surface of the high-carbon ferromanganese powders and different gas decarbonizers. Since metal manganese is easy to be oxidized by O2, CO2 or water vapor, the decarburization reaction will transfer into a solid-solid phase reaction of ferromanganese carbide and ferromanganese oxide, promoting external diffusion of carbon to achieve a further decarburization of high-carbon ferromanganese powders.     

One-Step Chemical Synthesis of Native Met1-Linked Poly-Ubiquitin Chains

The enzyme-mediated construction of poly-ubiquitin (Ub) chains on target proteins leads to a variety of cellular responses and is involved in processes ranging from protein degradation to cell cycle control and immune responses. This complex post-translational modification system is under intense investigation, but generation of specific Ub chains and tools made thereof is not always trivial. We discovered that native methionine-1-linked polymeric ubiquitin chains can be constructed in a single chemical reaction. We validate correct folding and regioselective attachment of such chains using linkage specific proteases and further demonstrate that these poly-Ub chains can be converted into thioesters by the activating E1-enzyme. Subsequent ligation reactions using these in situ prepared thioesters leads to poly-ubiquitinated peptides.     

Effect of Methionine Sulfoxide on the Synthesis and Purification of Aggregation-Prone Peptides

A two-step synthesis for methionine-containing hydrophobic and/or aggregation-prone peptides is presented that takes advantage of the reversibility of methionine oxidation. The use of polar methionine sulfoxide as a building block in solid-phase peptide synthesis improves the synthesis quality and yields the crude peptide, with significantly improved solubility compared to the reduced species. This facilitates the otherwise often laborious peptide purification by high-performance liquid chromatography. The subsequent reduction proceeds quantitatively. This approach has been optimised with the methionine-rich Tar-DNA-binding protein 43 (307–347), but is also more generally applicable, as demonstrated by the syntheses of human calcitonin and two aggregation-prone peptides from the human prion protein.     

顶空-气相色谱法及其在胶粘剂有机残留测定中的应用

顶空-气相色谱法作为一种符合"绿色分析化学"要求的分析手段,近年来引起人们广泛的研究兴趣。简要介绍了顶空-气相色谱技术及其在胶粘剂有机残留测定中的应用,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

An effective separation and purification of rutin and scoparone from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae by solid-phase extraction cartridges packed with an ionic liquid-based silica

Five types of ionic liquid-based silica were synthesized as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for separation and purification of bioactive compounds, that is, rutin and scoparone extracted from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae. The SilprBImCl material with the highest adsorption capacity was selected as the sorbent for SPE packing. Ethyl acetate and water were found to be suitable washing and eluting solvents, respectively. SilprBImCl was then applied to multi-phase extraction, and its superiority as a sorbent over the commercial cartridge was proven with high rutin and scoparone recoveries of 90.5% and 83.9%, respectively. This highlights the potential of ionic liquid-based silica materials applied to SPE and MPE.     

Electronic nose and GC–MS analysis of volatile compounds in Tuber magnatum Pico: Evaluation of different storage conditions

The characteristic aromatic composition of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Pico) determines its culinary and commercial value. However modifications of truffle organoleptic proprieties occur during preservation. A study of headspace of white truffles by using Electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and sensory analyses was performed. Truffles were stored at different conditions for 7 days: +4 and +8 °C wrapped in blotting paper or covered by rice or none of the above. Headspace E-nose measurements and sensory analyses were performed each day. Statistical multivariate analysis of the data showed the capability of E-nose to predict sensorial analysis scores and to monitor aroma profile changes during storage. Truffle’s volatile molecules were also extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction technique and separated and identified by GC–MS. Partial Components Analysis of data was performed. E-nose and GC–MS results were in agreement and showed that truffle storage in paper at +8 °C seemed to be the best storage condition.     

不同处理方法测定饲料中的三聚氰胺

采用两种不同的样品处理方法在同样的色谱条件下检测三聚氰胺含量，研究比较两种方法会对检测结果带来的影响。快速处理方法的加标回收率为84．9％～87．6％，固相萃取处理方法加标回收率为96．8％～102．0％，快速处理方法是应对突发事件测定的首选，固相萃取处理方法是定量准确测定的首选。     

气相动态顶空进样同时分析饮用水源水中17种有机物

建立了对饮用水源水中乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈、环氧氯丙烷、硝基苯、硝基氯苯、氯苯、二氯苯、三氯苯和四氯苯进行同时分析的气相动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法(D-HS-GCMS),目标物均为集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目。经过对比试验,确定了优化后的气相动态顶空进样法主要参数:样品盐度为35%、平衡温度为50℃、平衡时间为10 min、吹脱捕集气流速为60 mL/min、吹脱捕集时间为15 min。利用优化后的方法参数对乙醛等17种有机物进行分析,环氧氯丙烷和丙烯腈的方法检出限分别为7和19μg/L,乙醛、丙烯醛、硝基苯和硝基氯苯的方法检出限介于0.7~1.5μg/L,氯苯类化合物的检出限则为0.003~0.015μg/L。使用气相动态顶空进样法对饮用水源水实际样品进行监测,加标回收率均值介于78.7%~128%,对应的RSD为2.8%~23.0%(n=5)。     

多级复合芯结构的强化沸腾传热研究

采用固相烧结技术制备了均匀多孔层、复合16芯和复合32芯三种多孔结构,并且建立了池沸腾传热测试系统来研究不同芯数量、粒径与结构高度对多孔结构沸腾传热性能的影响。实验结果表明,在测试范围内复合层高1 mm的多孔复合32芯结构传热性能较强,临界热通量(CHF)最高为386 W/cm²,传热系数最高达到9.5 W/(cm²·K)。同时利用高速摄影观察气泡行为来研究强化沸腾传热机理。可视化数据表明,相比于光滑表面,在高热通量下多孔复合表面上气泡周期更短,脱离更快,气泡的离开带来了更多的液体补充,进而不断提升传热性能,获得更高的CHF值。     

水泥熟料单矿的制备及表征

基于大量文献的调研,结合前人制备4种水泥熟料单矿的方法,摸索出了一条制备单矿的途径。运用乙二醇-酒精法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜测试手段对制备的熟料单矿进行分析与表征。结果表明,反复煅烧能够有效降低单矿中游离氧化钙的含量,4种单矿衍射图都与其标准物质的图谱匹配较好,说明采用这种方法能够成功制备出纯度较高的水泥熟料单矿。